Skip to content
Storgy

Character analysis

Lincoln

in Topdog/Underdog by Suzan-Lori Parks

Lincoln is one of the two main characters in Suzan-Lori Parks's two-hander Topdog/Underdog, sharing a cramped rooming house with his brother, Booth. Once a renowned three-card monte hustler who led a crew on the streets, Lincoln now appears to have turned his life around: he works at an arcade, where he impersonates Abraham Lincoln and lets tourists shoot him with a cap gun for a paycheck. This absurd and demeaning job frames his journey—a man who has given up control and identity for the illusion of stability.

A defining trait of Lincoln's character is his deep, conflicted pride. He is talented, charismatic, and self-aware enough to recognize that his days as a hustler shaped who he is, yet he clings to the idea that leaving the con was a wise choice rather than a defeat. When Booth urges him to return to the hustle, Lincoln initially resists, citing the violence that ended his crew—Lonny's death, the beatings, the losses. However, his resolve begins to weaken: in a crucial moment, he picks up the cards again, and his hands instinctively recall everything. The ease with which he regains the skill reveals that his choice to "go straight" was always a performance, much like his costume as Lincoln.

His story concludes in tragedy. After conning Booth out of his inheritance in a final three-card game, Lincoln is strangled by his brother. This act makes the play's title painfully literal: the topdog and underdog swap roles until the cycle leads to their mutual destruction. Lincoln represents Parks's exploration of Black masculinity, inherited failure, and the alluring danger of a talent shaped by the world.

01

Connected characters

  • Booth

    Lincoln's younger brother and roommate—his most vital and fatal relationship. The brothers oscillate between genuine tenderness (sharing food, swapping stories) and corrosive rivalry. Lincoln mentored Booth in the three-card monte hustle, and that power imbalance festers throughout the play, culminating in Booth shooting and strangling Lincoln after losing his inheritance in a rigged game.

  • Cookie

    Lincoln's ex-wife, who appears only in memory and anecdote. Her departure represents Lincoln's broader pattern of loss and abandonment, and references to her help establish the emotional wreckage he carries into the rooming-house.

  • Grace

    Booth's girlfriend, whom Lincoln has never met on stage but whose rejection of Booth drives the play's climax. Lincoln's teasing of Booth about Grace—and the revelation that she has left—inflames the tension that leads directly to Lincoln's death.

  • Lonny

    A former member of Lincoln's street crew, referenced as having been killed. Lonny's fate is the stated reason Lincoln quit hustling, making him a ghostly moral anchor—and a warning Lincoln ultimately ignores when he picks up the cards again.

  • Zach

    Lincoln's supervisor at the arcade, who represents the dehumanizing white-collar world Lincoln has entered. Zach's authority over Lincoln—dictating costume, behavior, and wage—underscores the indignity of Lincoln's so-called legitimate life.

02

Key quotes

Ima show you how to throw the cards.

Lincoln

Analysis

In Suzan-Lori Parks's two-hander play Topdog/Underdog, Lincoln speaks this line to his younger brother Booth. The play revolves around two Black brothers sharing a rundown rooming house, with the street con game Three-card Monte serving as the central symbol of their lives and rivalry. Lincoln, a former hustler who once made a living throwing cards, has tried to go "straight" by working a dead-end job impersonating Abraham Lincoln at an arcade. Booth, eager to learn the con and regain a sense of power and identity, pressures Lincoln into teaching him. When Lincoln finally gives in and says this line, it signals a crucial turning point: his return to the hustle he wanted to escape. This moment encapsulates the play's themes of poverty cycles, brotherhood, competition, and the alluring nature of street life. Teaching Booth the cards isn't a generous act; it ignites the tragic endgame of their relationship, where skill, pride, and money clash with devastating consequences. The cards become a metaphor for fate, inheritance, and the unfair games that Black men must navigate in America.

Don't open it. Don't open it. Don't open it.

Lincoln

Analysis

This urgent, repetitive plea is delivered by Lincoln near the climax of Suzan-Lori Parks's Topdog/Underdog (2001), directed at his brother Booth, who clutches the knotted stocking left to him by their mother. Lincoln understands — through hard-won street experience — that the money inside is likely far less than Booth imagines and that Booth's dreams of a better life will be dashed the moment he opens it. The triple repetition reflects the hypnotic, incantatory rhythm Parks employs throughout the play and mirrors the three-card monte patter that shapes the brothers' lives. Thematically, this line captures the play's core tension between hope and reality, illusion and truth. The sealed stocking symbolizes Booth's last psychological refuge — his belief that he deserves something, that he has been chosen. Lincoln's warning serves as both an act of brotherly love and a foreshadowing of doom: once the stocking is opened, the fragile bond between the brothers shatters into fatal violence, sealing the play's tragic, predetermined conclusion.

You got to keep the card in the mind of the man.

Lincoln (Link)

Analysis

This line is delivered by Lincoln, also known as "Link," in Suzan-Lori Parks's Topdog/Underdog. It appears during one of the many scenes where the brothers practice or talk about the three-card monte hustle. Lincoln, the older sibling and a former street con artist, is teaching Booth, referred to as "3-Card," about the psychological essence of the con: it’s not just about skillful hands or where the card is physically located — it’s about shaping what the mark thinks he sees. The dealer needs to create a mental picture so convincing that the mark's own certainty becomes his downfall. This line carries deeper themes beyond the game itself. It reflects the play's focus on illusion, manipulation, and identity: both brothers are perpetually "running a game" on one another and on themselves, fabricating and maintaining stories about who holds the upper hand. Furthermore, the quote hints at the play's tragic climax, where Lincoln's greater skill in misdirection — keeping the card "in the mind" — becomes crucial. Parks employs the hustle as a metaphor for the systemic deceptions influencing Black male identity and brotherly rivalry in America.

We're brothers. We supposed to look out for each other.

Lincoln / Booth

Analysis

This line is spoken by Lincoln (or shared between both brothers) in Suzan-Lori Parks's Topdog/Underdog, a two-person play focused on brothers Lincoln and Booth, who live together in a shabby rooming house with a strained relationship. The quote appears during one of the play's frequent moments of awkward reconciliation, when the brothers' rivalry, resentment, and reliance on each other momentarily shift to a heartfelt appeal for family loyalty. This moment is significant thematically because the entire play questions what brotherhood truly means in a zero-sum survival scenario: the two men vie for money, identity, and a dangerous three-card monte scheme that ultimately leads to their downfall. In hindsight, the line is ironic — the promise of mutual support is one that the play carefully dismantles. Parks uses it to reveal how the illusion of family solidarity clashes with the realities of poverty, abandonment (as both were deserted by their parents), and a society that forces Black men to compete against each other. The phrase "supposed to" is crucial: it indicates obligation without fulfillment, hope without action, and foreshadows the tragic conclusion where brotherhood ultimately devolves into violence.

I am not my brother's keeper.

Lincoln (Link)

Analysis

In Suzan-Lori Parks's Topdog/Underdog, this line is delivered by Lincoln, or "Link," one of the two brothers at the heart of the play. It comes during a tense moment between Lincoln and his younger brother Booth, as their rivalry, resentment, and dependency on each other reach a peak. The phrase directly references the biblical story of Cain and Abel (Genesis 4:9), where Cain deflects God's question about Abel's whereabouts with those same words — a chilling hint at the play's tragic conclusion, where Booth fatally shoots Lincoln.

This quote carries significant thematic weight: it captures the brothers' fractured relationship, their competition over money (the inheritance tied to three-card monte), identity, and survival. Parks intentionally uses the biblical reference — the characters' names, Lincoln and Booth, already evoke a famous assassination. By referencing Cain and Abel, she adds another archetypal story of brother killing brother to the narrative, implying that this cycle of fraternal violence is as ancient as humanity itself. The line emphasizes the play's central tragedy: that the brothers are deeply intertwined, even in death.

I could be you, you know. I could be the one sitting in that chair.

Lincoln

Analysis

This line is delivered by Lincoln to his brother Booth in Suzan-Lori Parks's play Topdog/Underdog (2001). It comes up during one of their tense conversations in their shared room at a boarding house, as Lincoln — who makes a living at an arcade impersonating Abraham Lincoln and allowing tourists to "shoot" him — contemplates the fluid and interchangeable aspects of their identities and destinies. The quote encapsulates the play's main theme: the brothers are caught in an ongoing power struggle, each capable of taking the other's place. Their names — Lincoln and Booth, reminiscent of the historical assassin and his victim — highlight how roles of power and victimhood can flip at any time. The line also hints at the tragic climax of the play, where the designations of "topdog" and "underdog" ultimately and violently change places. Thematically, it explores issues of race, masculinity, economic insecurity, and the American myth of self-reinvention: identity is not static but performed, and survival hinges on who has control over the hustle at any moment.

3-Card Monte. The card game of the streets.

Lincoln (Link)

Analysis

This line is spoken by Lincoln, or "Link," in Suzan-Lori Parks's Pulitzer Prize-winning play Topdog/Underdog. He shares it while discussing — or maybe even romanticizing — the street hustle of three-card monte, the con game that shaped his past and consumed his brother Booth. The quote comes early in the play, as the brothers, living together in a cramped rooming house, navigate their shared history with the game. Lincoln has attempted to move on from the hustle by taking a legitimate (albeit degrading) job impersonating Abraham Lincoln at an arcade, while Booth is eager to master three-card monte and regain the street credibility Lincoln once enjoyed. This line is significant thematically because it portrays the card game as more than just a trick; it symbolizes survival, identity, race, and the tempting allure of the underground economy for Black men who are excluded from mainstream opportunities. The "streets" referenced here reflect both a tangible environment and a psychological trap: the brothers are constantly torn between escaping their reality and being defined by it, with the monte table serving as the play's key metaphor for fate, chance, and the illusion of control.

Hustling is an art.

Lincoln

Analysis

In Suzan-Lori Parks's two-hander play Topdog/Underdog (2001), Lincoln, the older brother, speaks this line to his younger sibling Booth. The story follows two Black brothers living in a dilapidated rooming house, getting by with small-time schemes and card hustling. Lincoln, who used to hustle three-card monte on the streets, is now trying to turn his life around by working as an Abraham Lincoln impersonator in an arcade. He delivers this line during a discussion about the ethics and skills involved in conning. This line is crucial because it reframes hustling — often seen as criminal or shameful — as a legitimate skill that requires expertise, discipline, and creativity. Parks uses it to explore how systemic poverty and racial inequality compel marginalized men to hone "illegitimate" talents as a means of survival. The assertion also hints at the play's tragic ending: Lincoln's talent ultimately pulls him back into the hustle, while Booth's desperate wish to master that same skill leads the brothers toward ruin. This quote captures the play's main conflict between aspiration and entrapment, dignity and desperation.