The Annotated Edition
The Skerry of Shrieks by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
King Olaf invites his warriors to celebrate Easter, but a group of sorcerers attempts to ensnare him in a magic circle as he sleeps.
- Core theme
- Art
Study actions
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
Now from all King Olaf's farms / His men-at-arms
Editor's note
The scene unfolds rapidly: it's Easter Eve, and Olaf's warriors are gathering at his hall in Angvalds-ness for a royal feast. The lively, almost boisterous rhythm hints that a saga-style adventure is just around the corner.
Loudly through the wide-flung door / Came the roar
Editor's note
The sea is already part of the feast — its roar blends with the men's laughter. Longfellow introduces the ocean as a character right from the beginning, hinting at its significance in the poem's dark ending.
"Hark!" said Olaf to his Scald, / Halfred the Bald,
Editor's note
Olaf turns to his court poet, known as a "scald," which refers to an Old Norse skald or professional bard, and expresses his admiration for the sound of the sea, declaring it superior to all human poetry. His challenge — offering half his kingdom for a song that matches the beauty of the ocean's sound — foreshadows the ironic conclusion.
"For of all the runes and rhymes / Of all times,
Editor's note
Olaf portrays the sea as an ancient harper, with its white-foamed waves resembling flowing locks. This vivid imagery blends Norse mythology with Romantic language, depicting the ocean as a timeless, untamed musician.
Halfred answered: "I am called / The Unappalled!
Editor's note
The scald puffs himself up with bravado, insisting that nothing frightens him and that an "ocean song" is already echoing in his mind. This boldness makes his quiet, pale-faced silence at the end all the more striking.
"I will hear your song sublime / Some other time,"
Editor's note
Olaf waves the poet away, yawning — a humorous moment that takes the air out of Halfred's dramatic moment. The guests chuckle, then everyone settles in for the night, and the poem shifts from light-hearted banter to a looming supernatural danger.
Facing up and down the yard, / King Olaf's guard
Editor's note
The guard observes the sea mist slowly creeping up the hill towards the sleeping house. The mood changes from warm and lively to cold and foreboding—the mist is the first indication that something is seriously off.
It was not the fog he saw, / Nor misty flaw,
Editor's note
The mist turns out to be Eyvind Kallda's crew of warlocks, shrouded in dark hoods. This supernatural threat is named explicitly, anchoring the Norse legend in vivid, dramatic detail.
Round and round the house they go, / Weaving slow
Editor's note
The sorcerers move in a circle around the hall, performing a ritual to trap Olaf as he sleeps. This repetitive, circular motion is mirrored in the rhythm of the lines — slow, revolving, and menacing.
Then athwart the vapors dun / The Easter sun
Editor's note
Easter sunrise — a choice by Longfellow for its Christian meaning of resurrection and light overcoming darkness — breaks through the warlocks' disguise. Their actual, grotesque appearances are revealed, reminiscent of the Witch of Endor from the Bible.
Blinded by the light that glared, / They groped and stared
Editor's note
The warlocks fumble awkwardly in the bright light. Olaf, peering out from his window, wonders aloud who these odd figures are — a fleeting moment of nearly humorous confusion before harsh, swift justice takes its course.
"Eyvind Kallda and his men!" / Answered then
Editor's note
The farmer's straightforward reply identifies the enemy, prompting Olaf's men to quickly gear up. The shift from a sense of supernatural fear to military readiness is swift and efficient—true to the saga tradition.
From the gates they sallied forth, / South and north,
Editor's note
Olaf's troops scour the island, capturing all the warlocks. The sorcerers are bound "foot and hand" on the sea-rock, preparing for the execution that comes next — even though Longfellow never directly depicts it.
And at eve the king again / Called his train,
Editor's note
Olaf gathers his court that evening, with candles flickering, and listens to the sound of the sea. The return to the feast-hall echoes the poem's beginning, but the atmosphere has shifted to one of darkness.
Shrieks and cries of wild despair / Filled the air,
Editor's note
The warlocks' screams as the tide pulls them under on the rocks echo through the hall before fading away. Longfellow keeps the violence offstage — we only hear it — which makes it even more unsettling. The line "Thus the sorcerers were christened" carries a bitter irony: an Easter baptism by drowning.
"Sing, O Scald, your song sublime, / Your ocean-rhyme,"
Editor's note
Olaf finally calls on Halfred to perform — but the scalded, pale, and shaken man refuses. The Skerry of Shrieks now sings its own haunting tune, and no human voice can match it. The poem ends with this eerie and perfectly balanced irony.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The Skerry (sea-rock)
- The skerry begins as mere background noise at the feast and ultimately becomes a site of execution and lasting memorial. It shifts from being a natural landscape to representing royal justice — and the ocean's indifference to humanity.
- The Easter sunrise
- Easter light reveals the warlocks' true forms and shatters their spell. Longfellow intentionally references the Christian feast: the light of resurrection triumphs over pagan magic, presenting Olaf's victory as blessed by a higher power.
- The ocean's roar / song
- The sound of the sea is initially celebrated as the most beautiful music in the world. By the end, that "song" becomes the haunting screams of the sorcerers swallowed by the waves — a grim realization of Olaf's desire for ocean-music.
- The scald (Halfred)
- Halfred embodies the essence of human art and its boundaries. His claimed "ocean song" pales in comparison to the actual ocean — a catastrophic event so profound that no poetry can encapsulate it. He serves as a contrast to the poem's core inquiry into the capabilities and limitations of art.
- The caps of darkness
- The warlocks' dark hooded caps are a well-known Norse symbol of magical concealment. They represent deception and hidden malice—removing them with the light of Easter transforms the sunrise into a symbol of truth as well as faith.
§06Form & structure
Form & structure
- Meter
- free verse
- Rhyme
- AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB AABCCB
§07Historical context
Historical context
§08FAQ
Questions readers ask
What is a skerry, and why is it called the Skerry of Shrieks?
A skerry is a small, rocky island or reef that’s usually open to the sea. This one gets its name at the poem's conclusion: Olaf's men tie the captured warlocks to its rocks when the tide is low, and as the sea rises, it drowns them. Their final cries are what give the rock its lasting, new name.
Who is King Olaf, and is this based on a real person?
Yes — Olaf Haraldsson was indeed a real king of Norway, reigning from 1015 to 1028. Later, he was canonized as Saint Olaf. He is remembered for his efforts in converting Norway to Christianity by force, which is why the poem depicts his victory over pagan sorcerers as a significant holy triumph.
What is a scald (or skald)?
A skald was a professional poet in Norse courts, similar to a bard or laureate. They crafted and performed intricate praise-poems celebrating kings and warriors. Halfred "the Unappalled" serves as Olaf's skald, symbolizing human creativity — which the ocean ultimately humbles.
Why does the Easter sunrise defeat the warlocks?
Longfellow weaves together elements from Norse legend and Christian symbolism. Easter symbolizes resurrection and the victory of light over darkness. The sunrise literally reveals the warlocks' magical disguise and blinds them, showcasing Olaf's Christian faith as the force that shatters pagan magic.
What does the ending mean — why can't Halfred sing?
Halfred had claimed he could match the ocean's song. But now, after the warlocks drowned on the skerry, the ocean carries their shrieks. It's become overwhelmingly loud — so full of real death — that no human poem can compete with or follow it. The scald is muted by reality.
What is the Witch of Endor reference about?
The Witch of Endor is mentioned in the Bible (1 Samuel 28) as a sorceress who calls forth the spirit of the prophet Samuel for King Saul. Longfellow references her to represent the most frightening type of supernatural evil, likening the warlocks' unveiled true natures to hers.
What is the overall structure of this poem — is it part of something larger?
Yes. This is a section from Longfellow's The Saga of King Olaf, which is included in Tales of a Wayside Inn (1863). The larger work is inspired by Chaucer's Canterbury Tales — a collection where travelers share their stories. The Olaf saga is narrated by a musician and covers various episodes during Olaf's reign.
What does "christened" mean in the line "Thus the sorcerers were christened"?
It's a harsh pun. Christian baptism involves water, and "christening" also refers to naming something. The warlocks are submerged in the sea (a twisted mockery of baptism), and in their death, they name the rock for eternity. Longfellow weaves together religious irony, dark humor, and horror in one word.
Citation
Cite this poem
MLA
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. "The Skerry of Shrieks." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/the-skerry-of-shrieks-henry-wadsworth-longfellow/.
APA
Longfellow, H. W. (n.d.). The skerry of shrieks. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/the-skerry-of-shrieks-henry-wadsworth-longfellow/
Row A — Thesis
1 ptIn 'The Skerry of Shrieks,' Longfellow uses the ocean's violence as both literal setting and moral instrument, arguing that earthly power — however festive and confident — is always answerable to a force that exceeds it. King Olaf commands …
- Row B — Evidence + Commentary4 pts
- Row C — Sophistication1 pt
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