The Annotated Edition
THE PIOUS EDITOR'S CREED by James Russell Lowell
A corrupt newspaper editor shares his so-called "creed" — a list of things he claims to stand for, such as freedom, the press, and prayer — but each belief reveals itself as a facade for his own greed and political maneuvering.
- Themes
- betrayal, freedom, identity
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
I du believe in Freedom's cause, / Ez fur away ez Payris is;
Editor's note
The editor starts by expressing a love for liberty — but only when it’s taking place in distant places like Paris. The punchline hits hard in the last two lines: freedom is great in theory, but it "don't agree with niggers." Lowell highlights the hypocrisy of Northern politicians who celebrated European revolutions while still supporting slavery in America.
I du believe the people want / A tax on teas an' coffees,
Editor's note
He backs any tax policy that helps him stay in power. The idea behind "providin' I'm in office" sums it all up — it's not about policy, it's about maintaining control. His patriotism seems more like a love for "Uncle Sam's pockets," which means he's really after government funds.
I du believe in _any_ plan / O' levyin' the texes,
Editor's note
He says he's a free-trade guy, but that's mainly because it rallies voters and helps him stay cozy in his cushy customs-house job. For him, the ideology is just a means to secure and maintain a government position.
I du believe it's wise an' good / To sen' out furrin missions,
Editor's note
Foreign diplomatic posts are worth supporting, provided they offer a salary of nine thousand dollars a year along with an outfit allowance, and he has the freedom to choose who occupies these positions. The "orthodox conditions" are purely about the money.
I du believe in special ways / O' prayin' an' convartin';
Editor's note
A clever double pun: "preyin'" (meaning preying, not praying) until the party gets what it wants, and "convartin' public trusts / To very privit uses" — which refers to embezzlement. Religious language is co-opted to depict corruption.
I du believe hard coin the stuff / Fer 'lectioneers to spout on;
Editor's note
The people are "soft enough" to be molded into hard money for politicians. He has no interest in monetary policy — he just wants his salary to arrive on time. This stanza boils down the whole currency debate to concerns about personal paycheck timing.
I du believe with all my soul / In the gret Press's freedom,
Editor's note
He advocates for press freedom — particularly, the freedom for the press to guide the public toward his established goals. Anyone who examines his government printing contracts too closely faces backlash. In this context, "freedom" signifies freedom for him, not for questioning him.
I du believe thet I should give / Wut's his'n unto Cæsar,
Editor's note
A conscious twist on the Gospel phrase "render unto Caesar." In this context, Caesar represents the political boss or party patron instead of the government. The editor's will, conscience, and honor all carry the boss's "superscription" — they are tied to whoever signs the checks.
I du believe in prayer an' praise / To him that hez the grantin'
Editor's note
The real god he worships is the party boss who controls job distribution. "CANTIN'" — a phrase for hypocritical piety — is emphasized in capitals, revealing his true beliefs. The stanza concludes with the poem's most famous line: "I _don't_ believe in princerple, / But oh, I _du_ in interest."
I du believe in bein' this / Or thet, ez it may happen
Editor's note
He doesn’t have a set political identity; he adapts to whatever stance will help him catch voters off guard. His decisions aren’t guided by principles or loyalty to anyone; he simply looks for what will benefit him the most.
I du believe thet holdin' slaves / Comes nat'ral to a Presidunt,
Editor's note
Slaveholding is justified here not based on morality but rather on tradition and convenience — it’s simpler to pursue a political career if you've been a dependable "doughface" (a Northern politician who supported Southern slaveholders). Lowell is criticizing the history of presidents who have been pro-slavery or accommodating to slavery.
I du believe wutever trash / 'll keep the people in blindness,--
Editor's note
This stanza critiques the Mexican-American War (1846–48), which Lowell strongly opposed. The editor argues that bombing Mexicans into "brotherly kindness" is logical—that bayonets are the most effective way to ensure peace lasts. It's a brutal satire of pro-war propaganda.
In short, I firmly du believe / In Humbug generally,
Editor's note
The closing stanza sheds any pretense. "Humbug" — meaning fraud and deception — is his genuine belief, his loyal guide. The last image turns the Psalm 23 pastoral metaphor on its head: rather than God guiding the flock to green pastures, Humbug keeps the people "green" (naive) so they can be exploited endlessly.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The Shepherd / Crook
- The shepherd imagery throughout the poem is rooted in the sermon's text (Ezekiel 34, "prophesy against the shepherds"). A true shepherd is meant to care for the flock, but this editor-shepherd wields the crook to benefit himself by securing his own wool and mutton. It portrays political and journalistic corruption as a violation of their pastoral responsibilities.
- Caesar / Superscription
- The Gospel command to "render unto Caesar" gets flipped around, making Caesar the party boss. The editor's conscience, honor, and will all carry the boss's "superscription" — just like a coin bearing a ruler's face, he is completely owned by whoever controls his paycheck.
- Humbug
- The poem's final word reveals the editor's true beliefs. It symbolizes the whole system of political deceit — the fake ideologies, empty patriotism, and manipulated religion. Referring to it as his "faithful shepherd" brings the pastoral inversion full circle, echoing the beginning of the poem.
- The Green Pasture
- A clear reference to Psalm 23. Just as God guides his sheep to lush fields for sustenance, the editor keeps the audience "green" — that is, naive and gullible — allowing them to be preyed upon. The sacred imagery is transformed into a metaphor for exploitation.
- Hard Coin / Soft People
- The currency debate of the time (hard money vs. soft money) is reimagined as a metaphor for manipulation: the people are soft and adaptable, while politicians emerge hardened and wealthier. Monetary policy becomes just another means of extraction.
- The Press / Pulpit
- The prefatory sermon suggests that the editor's desk is truly the pulpit of our time. The poem illustrates the consequences when that pulpit is held by a fraud — the "gret Press's freedom" turns into a tool for guiding the public rather than educating them.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
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