The Annotated Edition
To Lamartine by James Russell Lowell
Written in 1848, this poem is James Russell Lowell's tribute to Alphonse de Lamartine, the French Romantic poet who briefly led France during that year's revolution before being sidelined by political forces.
- Core theme
- Art
Study actions
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
I did not praise thee when the crowd, / 'Witched with the moment's inspiration,
Editor's note
Lowell starts by separating himself from the crowd's loud adoration of the hero. While the audience cheered "Greatest," Lowell was silently contemplating "Best" — this subtle difference lays the groundwork for the poem's argument: true greatness is more subdued and profound than public recognition.
They raised thee not, but rose to thee, / Their fickle wreaths about thee flinging;
Editor's note
The crowd didn't elevate Lamartine; they just momentarily surrounded him. Picture seaweed clinging to a marble statue of the sun-god Phoebus: the sea (representing the masses) briefly obscures the statue, yet the statue remains unchanged. Dedicated hands will eventually remove the seaweed, revealing the pure marble once more.
Now thou'rt thy plain, grand self again, / Thou art secure from panegyric,
Editor's note
With Lamartine out of power, Lowell views him as freed from superficial praise. The phrase "gave politics an epic strain" suggests Lamartine infused governance with a poet's perspective. The final image — no tree on this side of paradise grows green enough for his wreath — implies that no earthly honor can truly match his worth.
Nor can blame cling to thee; the snow / From swinish footprints takes no staining,
Editor's note
Lowell stands up for Lamartine in response to his critics. Snow trampled by pigs doesn’t remain dirty — it evaporates, rises back into the sky, and comes back down as dew and rain. Lamartine's character resembles that snow: no amount of political mud-slinging can permanently stain it.
The highest duty to mere man vouchsafed / Was laid on thee,--out of wild chaos,
Editor's note
This stanza identifies Lamartine's notable achievement: amidst the turmoil of 1848, when the revolutionary crowd surged like a roaring ocean and war loomed like a vulture, Lamartine urged people to return to peace and order. Lowell presents this as the greatest responsibility any individual can undertake.
To carve thy fullest thought, what though / Time was not granted?
Editor's note
Lowell likens Lamartine's unfinished political work to Michelangelo's incomplete sculptures—the "non-finito" figures that appear even more majestic in their incompleteness. The "great Design" will endure through history, and future generations ("Orients far away") will shed light on it.
Who says thy day is o'er? Control, / My heart, that bitter first emotion;
Editor's note
Lowell keeps his grief and anger about Lamartine's downfall in check. He believes that as long as people appreciate unwavering spirits and humble acts of bravery, Lamartine won't require a marble monument — his character serves as a monument in itself.
If France reject thee, 'tis not thine, / But her own, exile that she utters;
Editor's note
A sharp reversal: France hasn’t exiled Lamartine; instead, France has turned its back on its own highest ideals. Lowell compares this to Aristides, the Athenian statesman known for his fairness, who was ostracized by Athens — a loss for the city, not for him.
No fitting metewand hath To-day / For measuring spirits of thy stature;
Editor's note
The present moment can't measure Lamartine's greatness. Only the future will be able to recognize him with a laurel. Lowell describes him as a "Bard," who played the most genuine instrument a poet can have — the heart of a nation.
Swept by thy hand, the gladdened chords, / Crashed now in discords fierce by others,
Editor's note
When Lamartine played the national heart, it rang out "We are brothers" — a chord of human unity. Now others have struck those same strings, creating discord. That single note of brotherhood, as Lowell puts it, traveled around the globe and connected people to one another.
France is too poor to pay alone / The service of that ample spirit;
Editor's note
Lowell concludes by stating that the political rewards in France — dictatorship and a throne — are insufficient and damaging for someone like Lamartine. To him, they would have been "rust and loss." His true aspirations were greater, and Lowell ends the poem with a Christian imagery: Lamartine has ascended a Cross, opting for sacrifice instead of power.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- Seaweed on the marble Phoebus
- The crowd's adoration is fleeting and meaningless—it clings to a great man like seaweed clings to a statue of the sun-god, but it doesn't alter who he is. Dedicated hands will always remove it.
- Snow and footprints
- Snow trampled by pigs doesn’t stay dirty; it rises back to the sky and returns as rain. This reflects Lamartine’s pure character—political attacks and failures can’t permanently tarnish a truly noble soul.
- Michelangelo's unfinished Dawn
- The mention of Angelo's unfinished sculpture suggests that sometimes, what isn't finished can be more impressive than what is complete. Lamartine's political project may have been abruptly halted, but similar to the raw marble face, the intrigue and ambition behind his efforts enhance their impact rather than diminish it.
- The lyre / national heart
- The nation's collective sentiment is like a musical instrument. Lamartine, both a poet and a statesman, played it in a way that resonated with human brotherhood. Others who followed him have only created discord on those same strings.
- The Cross
- The final image compares Lamartine's choice to give up power willingly to Christ's crucifixion. He prioritized a greater purpose instead of seeking earthly rewards, and the Cross represents that such sacrifices are both difficult and redemptive.
- Aristides in banishment
- The Athenian statesman Aristides faced ostracism from his city, possibly due to his renowned sense of justice. Lowell points to his story to suggest that when a society turns its back on its finest individual, the real shame lies with the society itself, not with the one who is exiled.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
Who was Lamartine and why did Lowell write a poem about him?
Alphonse de Lamartine was a renowned French Romantic poet who emerged as a prominent political figure during the 1848 French Revolution. He briefly wielded significant influence in the provisional government but was soon overshadowed when Louis-Napoleon won the presidential election decisively. Lowell, another poet and idealist, held Lamartine in high regard and penned this poem as a public defense of him during his political downfall.
What does Lowell mean when he says France's exile is "her own, not thine"?
Lowell is flipping the concept of exile on its head. When a nation forces out its most exceptional individual, it doesn't lessen that person — it lessens itself. France hasn't expelled Lamartine; it has abandoned its own highest ideals. The comparison to Aristides highlights this point: Athens ostracized its most just citizen, and history holds Athens accountable for that decision, not Aristides.
What is the significance of the Michelangelo reference?
Michelangelo left a number of sculptures unfinished, including ones often referred to as the "Prisoners" or "Slaves," along with a figure connected to Dawn in the Medici Chapel. Lowell uses this to suggest that Lamartine's incomplete political work isn’t a failure; instead, it represents a form of sublime incompleteness—similar to a rough-hewn face that conveys more power through its implications than a polished portrait ever could.
Why does Lowell end the poem by saying Lamartine "hast climbed a Cross"?
Lowell is drawing a parallel between Lamartine's decision to willingly give up power and Christ's crucifixion. Lamartine had the option to compromise his principles for the sake of political gain, but he chose not to. Lowell portrays that choice as a form of martyrdom — it’s painful, yet spiritually more elevated than any throne or dictatorship could provide.
What does "We are brothers" refer to?
It captures the essence of human solidarity that Lamartine's speeches and poems ignited during the 1848 revolution. Lowell likens it to a chord played on the heart of a nation — a note of universal brotherhood that echoed well beyond France. This stands in sharp contrast to the "discords fierce" created by those who followed him.
What is the meter and form of this poem?
Each stanza consists of six lines, following an ABABCC rhyme scheme. The final couplet adds an epigrammatic punch to each stanza. The line lengths vary, blending longer iambic lines with shorter ones, creating a stately yet flexible tone—suitable for a formal tribute that conveys genuine personal emotion.
Who is Aristides and why does Lowell mention him?
Aristides was an Athenian general and statesman from the 5th century BC, known for his unwavering sense of justice—he was even given the nickname "the Just." Despite this, Athens ostracized him, primarily due to envy. Lowell points to him as a historical example: great, just individuals often face rejection from the very societies they serve, and this rejection reflects the moral shortcomings of those societies, not the individuals.
What does "Imaus" mean in the fifth stanza?
Imaus is an ancient name from Greek and Latin for the Himalayan mountain range, often found in classical literature to represent the most remote and untamed parts of the world. Lowell employs this term to convey that the looming threat of war in 1848 felt both primal and immense — like a vulture circling from the furthest ends of the earth — which makes Lamartine's call for peace even more heroic.
Citation
Cite this poem
MLA
Lowell, James Russell. "To Lamartine." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/to-lamartine-james-russell-lowell/.
APA
Lowell, J. R. (n.d.). To lamartine. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/to-lamartine-james-russell-lowell/
Row A — Thesis
1 ptIn 'To Lamartine,' James Russell Lowell argues that authentic greatness stands apart from the verdicts of crowds, time, and political fortune. The worth of the statesman-poet Lamartine is not diminished but clarified by France's rejection …
- Row B — Evidence + Commentary4 pts
- Row C — Sophistication1 pt
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