The pseudo-science of astrology, seeking to tell commonplace by James Russell Lowell

This poem critiques astrology, calling it a false science that falsely claims to predict human destinies based on the stars. Lowell contrasts the vast, indifferent cosmos with the trivial "commonplace" fortunes that people seek, reinforcing his argument. By referencing Milton's *Lycidas*, he introduces the notion of true fame achieved through effort, contrasting it with the easy shortcuts that astrology offers.

Lowell comes across as skeptical and somewhat contemptuous, but definitely not mean-spirited. He seems to view the whole situation as more absurd than threatening. The reference to Milton elevates the tone toward something more serious at the end, reminding us that true glory is earned through effort, not just by analyzing charts.

James Russell Lowell (1819–1891) was a poet, critic, and diplomat born in Boston, emerging as a prominent figure during the American Renaissance alongside Emerson, Longfellow, and Thoreau. He was deeply concerned with issues of intellectual integrity and social progress, showing little tolerance for superstition masquerading as knowledge. By the mid-1800s, astrology was enjoying a resurgence in both Britain and America, marketed through almanacs and social gatherings. Lowell's labeling of it as a "pseudo-science" clearly positions him on the rationalist side of an ongoing cultural debate. His reference to Milton's *Lycidas* (1637) showcases his scholarly tendencies: he invokes a classic text to strengthen his moral argument, contrasting the lazy fatalism of astrology with Milton's idea of fame achieved through diligent, intentional effort.