The Annotated Edition
The Jaffa and Jerusalem Railway by Eugene Field
This comic poem humorously critiques the newly constructed Jaffa–Jerusalem railway, portraying it as an absurd intrusion of modern Western commerce into the historic Holy Land.
- Poet
- Eugene Field
- Core theme
- Art
Study actions
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
A tortuous double iron track; a station here, a station there;
Editor's note
Field opens with a dry catalog of railway equipment — track, locomotive, tender, patent vestibule — delivered in a tone reminiscent of a disinterested customs officer. The humor lies in the ordinariness of the items on the list: this modern assortment has found its way into the biblical Holy Land. The final couplet identifies the focus: a railway connecting Jaffa and Jerusalem.
Beware, O sacred Mooley cow, the engine when you hear its bell;
Editor's note
Field speaks directly to the animals and locals of the area, cautioning them about the true threats of modern rail travel—not the speed or steam, but the book salespeople and peanut vendors who take advantage of unsuspecting passengers. The mock-heroic 'beware' tone portrays train-car hustlers as real threats, which adds a humorous twist to the stanza.
And when, ah, when the bonds fall due, how passing wroth will wax the state
Editor's note
The final stanza moves from physical comedy to financial satire. Field suggests that the railway will fail to pay back its bonds, sparking outrage from Nebo to Nazareth. Mentioning the F.M.B.A. (Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association) and 'Sockless Jerry' Simpson — an actual populist politician from Kansas — firmly grounds the poem in the agrarian politics of 1890s America, humorously transplanted onto the Holy Land.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The railway
- The train line represents Western commercial modernity intruding into a space rich with ancient religious significance. The hardware — buffers, switches, automatic brakes — is intentionally described in plain, straightforward language to highlight its stark incongruity.
- The peanut-boy and book-peddler
- These train-car vendors symbolize the small, unavoidable annoyances that accompany progress. Field humorously elevates them to the status of real threats, highlighting the irony — they are the actual dangers of modernity, rather than the locomotive itself.
- Sockless Jerry and the F.M.B.A.
- These real American populist figures, included in a poem about Palestine, represent the shared struggles of everyday people against corporate monopolies. Field suggests that wherever railways are built, the same financial battles inevitably arise.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
Was the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway a real thing?
Yes. It opened in 1892, built by a French Catholic entrepreneur named Joseph Navon, who received support from a French company. This was the first railway in Ottoman Palestine, stretching from the port of Jaffa into the Judean Hills and reaching Jerusalem. It was a remarkable engineering achievement and sparked significant controversy.
Who is 'Sockless Jerry' in the last stanza?
Jerry Simpson was a genuine Kansas congressman elected in 1890 as a member of the Farmers' Alliance. He earned the nickname 'Sockless Jerry' after a political rival ridiculed his simple attire, which he embraced. Known for his fierce criticism of railroad monopolies, Field's quip suggests that this quintessential American populist anger would eventually extend all the way to the Holy Land.
What is the F.M.B.A.?
The Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association was a Midwestern agrarian group active in the late 1880s and early 1890s, standing up for farmers against banks and railroad companies. Field includes this reference in the poem to illustrate that anti-railroad populism was a widespread movement, not limited to just one region in America.
What does 'repudiate' mean in this context?
In 19th-century finance, 'repudiation' referred to a government or issuer refusing to pay its debts, essentially defaulting on bonds. Several American states had already done this after making reckless investments in railways in previous decades, which is why Field is foreseeing a similar outcome for the Jaffa–Jerusalem line.
What is a 'Mooley cow'?
A 'muley' or 'mooley' cow refers to a cow without horns. Field uses this term not only for its amusing sound but also to evoke an image of gentle, puzzled local cattle unexpectedly facing a loud, roaring locomotive.
Is this poem anti-religious or anti-Middle Eastern?
Not really. The satire targets Western commercial enterprises and railway financing, rather than the people or religion of the region. Field's joke highlights the absurdity and invasiveness of modern capitalism wherever it appears — the Holy Land backdrop simply adds to the humor of the contrast.
What is the poem's rhyme scheme?
Each stanza follows a long couplet format — pairs of rhyming lines that use a loose anapestic or ballad-like meter, ending with a refrain-style closing couplet that wraps up each stanza with 'twixt Jaffa and Jerusalem.' This structure lends the poem a lively, music-hall vibe.
Why does Field use biblical place names like Nebo, Nazareth, and Hebron?
For comic contrast. These names carry significant religious meaning and deep historical roots, yet Field tosses them into a rant about bond defaults and peanut vendors on train cars. The humor arises from the disparity between this sacred context and the trivial commercial grievance.
Citation
Cite this poem
MLA
Field, Eugene. "The Jaffa and Jerusalem Railway." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/the-jaffa-and-jerusalem-railway-eugene-field/.
APA
Field, E. (n.d.). The jaffa and jerusalem railway. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/the-jaffa-and-jerusalem-railway-eugene-field/
Row A — Thesis
1 ptIn 'The Jaffa and Jerusalem Railway,' Eugene Field employs mock-heroic cataloguing and sardonic biblical allusion to argue that Western industrial modernity — railways, bond schemes, corporate monopolies — is not a gift to the ancient Holy …
- Row B — Evidence + Commentary4 pts
- Row C — Sophistication1 pt
- Common student errors
Available on any Storgy plan — model paragraphs, band callouts, and common student errors for every poem.
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