The Annotated Edition
SCENE 2. by Percy Bysshe Shelley
Cyprian, a scholar deeply infatuated with a woman, makes a desperate pact by offering his soul to Hell — and Hell responds.
- Themes
- death, despair, identity
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
O memory! permit it not / That the tyrant of my thought
Editor's note
Cyprian begins in anguish, pleading with his memory to stop bringing back visions of the woman he loves. He feels as if his will has been defeated—he longs to break free from his obsession but finds himself unable to do so. The term "idolatry" resonates deeply; he realizes he's elevating a human being to the status of a deity, and he understands that this is misguided, yet the emotion overwhelms his logic.
So beautiful she was—and I, / Between my love and jealousy,
Editor's note
The emotional spiral tightens here. Cyprian finds himself torn between love and jealousy, hope and fear — four forces pulling him in every direction at once. The bitterness of this paralysis pushes him to take an extreme step: he calls out to Hell directly and offers his soul, not for wealth or power, but just so "this woman may be mine." It's a reckless and deeply human bargain.
Hear'st thou, Hell! dost thou reject it? / My soul is offered!
Editor's note
The moment of transaction. Cyprian shouts his offer into the void, only to receive a chilling response from an unseen Daemon: "I accept it." The stark difference between the Daemon's brief reply and Cyprian's frantic plea highlights a deliberate contrast — Hell is calm, efficient, and has been waiting.
What is this? ye heavens for ever pure, / At once intensely radiant and obscure!
Editor's note
The stage erupts into a storm. Cyprian paints a vivid picture of the tempest with almost scientific precision—lightning, thunder, electric fountains, clouds choking the sun. He even mentions that philosophy falls short in explaining these forces, hinting that he is starting to yearn for a power that transcends rational understanding. The storm serves as both a stunning visual and a supernatural sign that something significant has begun.
And nearer, see, the melancholy form / Of a great ship, the outcast of the sea,
Editor's note
A ship suddenly appears and is destroyed right before Cyprian's eyes. His description is intensely vivid — he can almost feel the impact as it strikes the rock and sees "sparkles of blood" mixing with the foam. This ship serves as the Daemon's dramatic entrance, and its complete destruction emphasizes the Daemon's immense power. The term "outcast of the sea" subtly hints at the Daemon's own status as a cosmic outcast.
As in contempt of the elemental rage / A man comes forth in safety,
Editor's note
One figure emerges from the wreck without a scratch. To Cyprian, it feels like a miraculous escape; the audience realizes it's the Daemon coming ashore. The sight of the ruined ship going down as sea-monsters circle it like mourners at a grave is one of the most gothic visuals in the scene — and it's all a show, crafted to leave an impression.
It was essential to my purposes / To wake a tumult on the sapphire ocean,
Editor's note
The Daemon sets aside his mask and lays out his plan clearly: he faked the shipwreck to get close to Cyprian and take advantage of both his affection and his fascination with magic. The line "forging the instruments of his destruction even from his love and from his wisdom" captures the essence of the entire scene — the Daemon intends to turn Cyprian's greatest traits against him.
Collect thyself; and be the memory / Of thy late suffering, and thy greatest sorrow
Editor's note
Cyprian, unaware of the identity of his conversation partner, extends heartfelt comfort. He shares with the stranger that all suffering eventually fades since nothing in this world lasts forever. The irony is palpable: Cyprian has just sold his soul due to the unbearable nature of fleeting emotions, yet here he is, advising acceptance of that very fact. He shows more kindness to a stranger than he does to himself.
Since thou desirest, I will then unveil / Myself to thee;—for in myself I am
Editor's note
The Daemon's self-revelation stands as the dramatic focal point of the scene. He portrays himself as a being of extraordinary rank and intellect, who once served a King of kings but was driven by pride to rebel. After his defeat, he opted for eternal ruin rather than face the humiliation of repentance. This depiction clearly echoes Satan from Milton's *Paradise Lost*, yet Shelley imbues him with a defiant, almost sympathetic dignity—presenting his fall as a courageous stand against cowardice.
Thus vanquished, though in fact victorious, / I left His seat of empire,
Editor's note
The Daemon sees his defeat as a moral victory—he may have lost the war, but he preserved his pride. He goes on to recount his life since the fall: a pirate, a lynx, a nomad roaming the wilderness, specifically hunting Cyprian. This confession is meant to captivate a scholar hungry for forbidden knowledge, and it serves as a form of seduction while also being a genuine confession.
For by my art the sun would turn as pale / As his weak sister with unwonted fear;
Editor's note
The Daemon shifts from a confession to a sales pitch. He details his control over the cosmos — the sun, the stars, the spheres — and suggests showcasing them in the nearby forest. Then he makes a clear offer: whatever Cyprian has ever dreamed of wanting, it can be his. The Daemon already knows what that desire is. The trap is completely laid out.
And thenceforth shall so firm an amity / 'Twixt thee and me be,
Editor's note
The scene ends with the Daemon proposing an everlasting friendship that nothing—neither Fortune, Time, nor even Heaven—can sever. The wording resembles a wedding vow or a sacred oath, which feels fittingly dark since Cyprian has just exchanged his soul. The Daemon's last promise of safety for Cyprian is a clever twist: the predator expresses gratitude to the prey for providing shelter.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The shipwreck
- The Daemon stages the shipwreck like a theatrical performance—a show of destructive force intended to impress Cyprian and set the stage for their encounter. On a larger scale, the wrecked ship reflects Cyprian's own spiritual condition: what once seemed seaworthy has been cast onto the rocks by uncontrollable forces.
- The storm and lightning
- The tempest serves as the Daemon's calling card, while also reflecting Cyprian's inner turmoil at the scene's beginning. Both the natural storm and Cyprian's emotional upheaval are portrayed through themes of electricity, blindness, and overwhelming force — the external chaos mirrors his internal struggle.
- The soul as currency
- Cyprian's soul serves as the currency in this deal, given impulsively and accepted without hesitation. Shelley views it not as a mere religious idea but as the most personal thing someone can have — the shock of the offer lies in its origin of love, rather than greed.
- The Daemon's fall from Heaven
- The Daemon's backstory — a brilliant advisor who turned against a King of kings and opted for destruction instead of repentance — closely mirrors Milton's Satan. In Shelley's narrative, this fall symbolizes the price of pride and the tempting rationale behind refusing to yield, themes that will also trap Cyprian.
- The wilderness and forest
- The wild, untamed landscape where the scene unfolds exists beyond any civilized order — whether moral, social, or divine. It's the perfect backdrop for a soul-selling: no witnesses, no institutions, and no safety net. The Daemon refers to it as a "Babylon of crags," connecting it to ancient visions of corrupt power.
- The King of kings' palace of stars
- God's palace, adorned with stars referred to as "gems of living light," symbolizes the organized, radiant cosmos from which the Daemon was cast out. This imagery not only highlights the beauty of the loss but also adds to the power of the Daemon's speech — he is recounting something truly magnificent that he has discarded.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
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