The Annotated Edition
Interlude by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
This poem connects to Longfellow's larger piece *Tales of a Wayside Inn*, where a group of travelers share stories in turn.
- Core theme
- Art
Study actions
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
The Landlord ended thus his tale, / Then rising took down from its nail
Editor's note
The Landlord wraps up his tale and grabs an old, rusty sword from the wall — a family heirloom. The sword is covered in dust and stuck in its sheath, indicating it has served more as decoration than a weapon for quite some time.
And said, 'This sword was in the fight.' / The Poet seized it, and exclaimed,
Editor's note
The Poet eagerly takes hold of the sword and begins a brief speech. He contends that the sword's owner — a humble American colonel riding a gray mare — is a more impressive figure than any of the legendary knights from European tales, whose renowned swords (like Joyeuse, Excalibur, and Durandal) are immortalized in ancient texts. The Poet is making a quintessentially American argument: genuine, everyday heroism surpasses the allure of aristocracy.
All laughed; the Landlord's face grew red / As his escutcheon on the wall;
Editor's note
Everyone laughs at the Poet's speech, but the Landlord is humiliated. His face turns as red as the family coat of arms hanging on the wall — a clever visual gag. He can’t grasp why anyone would make jokes about Sir William, as he believes the older and more aristocratic something is, the more valuable it must be. He is truly at a loss for words that his noble ancestor has become a punchline.
And this perceiving, to appease / The Landlord's wrath, the others' fears,
Editor's note
The Student reads the room. He notices the Landlord is upset and intervenes as a peacemaker. He does this effortlessly — 'with careless ease' — demonstrating that he is both socially skilled and academically inclined.
'The ladies and the cavaliers, / The arms, the loves, the courtesies,
Editor's note
The Student references the well-known opening of Ariosto's *Orlando Furioso*, an epic from the Italian Renaissance filled with knights, ladies, and chivalric adventures. By bringing up Ariosto, he flatters the Landlord's appreciation for old-world romance and shifts the group's focus to the next story. He thoughtfully notes that the grand, flowing style of Ariosto is beyond his reach — a humble disclaimer before he starts.
The Landlord's tale was one of arms, / Only a tale of love is mine,
Editor's note
The Student contrasts his upcoming story with the Landlord's. While the Landlord shared a tale of war and soldiers, the Student will weave a love story inspired by Boccaccio's *Decameron*. He paints the picture: the story is said to be narrated by Fiametta, one of Boccaccio's fictional storytellers, in a garden filled with friends, birds singing, leaves rustling, and the soothing sound of a fountain. He softly cautions that without that lovely backdrop, his retelling might lose some of its magic.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The rusty sword
- The sword represents both inherited pride and the divide between legend and reality. It remains stuck in its sheath, covered in dust — transformed into a mere decoration rather than a weapon. The Poet argues that genuine, lived heroism holds more value than refined aristocratic myths.
- The escutcheon (coat of arms)
- The Landlord's family crest on the wall shows his connection to his lineage and his old-world status. When his face flushes as red as the escutcheon, Longfellow connects his pride to that symbol — he embodies his family's heraldry, brought to life.
- Fiametta's garden
- The garden where Fiametta shares her story in the *Decameron* represents an ideal backdrop of beauty, comfort, and togetherness — a space where tales are shared under the best possible circumstances. The Student references it to emphasize that no retelling can truly capture the original enchantment of a story told in its proper place and time.
- The named swords (Joyeuse, Excalibur, Durandal, etc.)
- These legendary blades from European romance and epic poetry capture the allure of the Old World and its noble traditions. The Poet brushes them aside to emphasize that fame and a grand name don't necessarily reflect true value.
§06Form & structure
Form & structure
- Rhyme
- AABBC DBEDB FGHGI JJKLL MMMNO OPQRQ SSTUV VWXWX YYZ ZZ
§07Historical context
Historical context
§08FAQ
Questions readers ask
What is 'Interlude' actually from? Is it a standalone poem?
It isn't standalone. It originates from Longfellow's Tales of a Wayside Inn, a collection released in parts from 1863 to 1874. The entire work is a frame narrative — a group of travelers at a real inn in Sudbury, Massachusetts share stories with one another. The interludes serve as the glue between these tales, illustrating how the characters respond to one another.
Who are Joyeuse, Colada, Durindale, Excalibar, and Aroundight?
These are the renowned named swords from European legend and epic tales. Joyeuse is the sword of Charlemagne; Colada belongs to El Cid; Durandal (referred to as 'Durindale' here) is Roland's sword from The Song of Roland; Excalibur is associated with King Arthur; and Arondight is the sword wielded by Sir Lancelot. The Poet includes these names to illustrate the significant cultural value placed on weapons — then contends that a simple, unnamed sword of an American colonel holds equal worth.
What is the Poet's main argument in his speech?
He presents a democratic, American argument: a genuine individual who fought — even on an old gray mare, dressed in a simple coat — is far more heroic than a glorified medieval knight clanking around in iron armor in distant lands. He challenges the Landlord's elitist admiration for noble lineage.
Why does the Landlord get so upset?
The Landlord defines greatness based on age and lineage. For him, the older and more noble something appears, the more respect it earns. The Poet's jest — regarding Sir William as equal to anyone else and even making him the target of humor — truly puzzles and irritates him. He struggles to comprehend how an ordinary volunteer soldier could be considered grander than a decorated knight.
Who is Ariosto, and why does the Student quote him?
Ludovico Ariosto was a 16th-century Italian poet known for Orlando Furioso, a sprawling romantic epic filled with knights, ladies, and magic. The Student quotes its famous opening lines—about ladies, cavaliers, arms, and loves—not just to show off his knowledge, but mainly to shift the group's mood. Bringing up Ariosto flatters the Landlord's love for chivalric romance and seamlessly directs everyone toward the next story.
What is the Decameron, and who is Fiametta?
The Decameron is a collection of stories from the 14th century by Giovanni Boccaccio. A group of ten young people escapes the plague-stricken Florence to a countryside villa, where they spend ten days sharing stories—one hundred in total. Fiametta is one of these fictional storytellers, known for her wit and charm. The Student claims that his tale comes from her, recounted in a garden filled with the sounds of birds and flowing fountains.
What does the Student mean when he says his tale may 'lose its power to please' without the garden setting?
He shows real humility about the challenges of retelling. Fiametta's story resonates partly due to its ideal setting—warm air, birds singing, leaves rustling, a fountain, and her lovely voice. Without all that, and told in an inn by a student, the story is sure to lose some of its magic. It's a thoughtful, self-aware disclaimer before he starts.
What is the poem's form — does it follow a strict structure?
The poem features rhyming couplets and short lines that flow in a relaxed, conversational style instead of adhering to a strict form like a sonnet. The rhymes appear often, but the line lengths differ, creating a casual, spoken feel—just right for a poem that captures the energy of a lively group discussion.
Citation
Cite this poem
MLA
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. "Interlude." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/interlude-henry-wadsworth-longfellow/.
APA
Longfellow, H. W. (n.d.). Interlude. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/interlude-henry-wadsworth-longfellow/
Row A — Thesis
1 ptIn 'Interlude.' from Longfellow's Tales of a Wayside Inn, the competing voices of the Landlord, the Poet, and the Student dramatize a central tension between inherited prestige and democratic vitality, ultimately arguing that the truest art …
- Row B — Evidence + Commentary4 pts
- Row C — Sophistication1 pt
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