The Annotated Edition
INTERLUDE. by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
This poem connects to Longfellow's larger piece *Tales of a Wayside Inn*, where a group of travelers share stories in turn.
- Themes
- art, identity, love
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
The Landlord ended thus his tale, / Then rising took down from its nail
Editor's note
The Landlord wraps up his tale and grabs an old, rusty sword from the wall — a family heirloom. The sword is covered in dust and stuck in its sheath, indicating it has served more as decoration than a weapon for quite some time.
And said, 'This sword was in the fight.' / The Poet seized it, and exclaimed,
Editor's note
The Poet eagerly takes hold of the sword and begins a brief speech. He contends that the sword's owner — a humble American colonel riding a gray mare — is a more impressive figure than any of the legendary knights from European tales, whose renowned swords (like Joyeuse, Excalibur, and Durandal) are immortalized in ancient texts. The Poet is making a quintessentially American argument: genuine, everyday heroism surpasses the allure of aristocracy.
All laughed; the Landlord's face grew red / As his escutcheon on the wall;
Editor's note
Everyone laughs at the Poet's speech, but the Landlord is humiliated. His face turns as red as the family coat of arms hanging on the wall — a clever visual gag. He can’t grasp why anyone would make jokes about Sir William, as he believes the older and more aristocratic something is, the more valuable it must be. He is truly at a loss for words that his noble ancestor has become a punchline.
And this perceiving, to appease / The Landlord's wrath, the others' fears,
Editor's note
The Student reads the room. He notices the Landlord is upset and intervenes as a peacemaker. He does this effortlessly — 'with careless ease' — demonstrating that he is both socially skilled and academically inclined.
'The ladies and the cavaliers, / The arms, the loves, the courtesies,
Editor's note
The Student references the well-known opening of Ariosto's *Orlando Furioso*, an epic from the Italian Renaissance filled with knights, ladies, and chivalric adventures. By bringing up Ariosto, he flatters the Landlord's appreciation for old-world romance and shifts the group's focus to the next story. He thoughtfully notes that the grand, flowing style of Ariosto is beyond his reach — a humble disclaimer before he starts.
The Landlord's tale was one of arms, / Only a tale of love is mine,
Editor's note
The Student contrasts his upcoming story with the Landlord's. While the Landlord shared a tale of war and soldiers, the Student will weave a love story inspired by Boccaccio's *Decameron*. He paints the picture: the story is said to be narrated by Fiametta, one of Boccaccio's fictional storytellers, in a garden filled with friends, birds singing, leaves rustling, and the soothing sound of a fountain. He softly cautions that without that lovely backdrop, his retelling might lose some of its magic.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The rusty sword
- The sword represents both inherited pride and the divide between legend and reality. It remains stuck in its sheath, covered in dust — transformed into a mere decoration rather than a weapon. The Poet argues that genuine, lived heroism holds more value than refined aristocratic myths.
- The escutcheon (coat of arms)
- The Landlord's family crest on the wall shows his connection to his lineage and his old-world status. When his face flushes as red as the escutcheon, Longfellow connects his pride to that symbol — he embodies his family's heraldry, brought to life.
- Fiametta's garden
- The garden where Fiametta shares her story in the *Decameron* represents an ideal backdrop of beauty, comfort, and togetherness — a space where tales are shared under the best possible circumstances. The Student references it to emphasize that no retelling can truly capture the original enchantment of a story told in its proper place and time.
- The named swords (Joyeuse, Excalibur, Durandal, etc.)
- These legendary blades from European romance and epic poetry capture the allure of the Old World and its noble traditions. The Poet brushes them aside to emphasize that fame and a grand name don't necessarily reflect true value.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
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