The Annotated Edition
Conclusion by Percy Bysshe Shelley
This is the closing section of Shelley's longer poem *The Sensitive Plant*, and it poses a profound question: when beautiful things die, do they truly vanish, or do *we* simply lose the ability to perceive them.
- Core theme
- Beauty
Study actions
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
Whether the Sensitive Plant, or that / Which within its boughs like a Spirit sat,
Editor's note
Shelley starts by admitting he truly doesn't know what happened to the plant and the spirit that seemed to inhabit it after it began to decay. The word 'Whether' shows his genuine uncertainty—he's not pretending to have answers. The 'Spirit' refers to the soul-like essence of the garden's governing Lady, whose death was mentioned earlier in the poem.
Whether that Lady's gentle mind, / No longer with the form combined
Editor's note
He shares the same uncertainty about the Lady herself. Her 'gentle mind' represents her soul or consciousness, while her 'form' refers to her physical body. The comparison of love scattered 'as stars do light' is beautiful—it implies that her love was instinctive and radiant, not something she had to force. With her body and mind now separated by death, Shelley questions whether sadness has taken the place of the joy she once shared.
I dare not guess; but in this life / Of error, ignorance, and strife,
Editor's note
Shelley steps away from speculation and asserts a more general truth about human existence: life is filled with mistakes and uncertainties. The phrase 'I dare not guess' holds significant weight — it’s not just false modesty; it’s a sincere recognition that the afterlife is something we cannot truly understand. This leads into the philosophical shift that comes next.
It is a modest creed, and yet / Pleasant if one considers it,
Editor's note
Here, Shelley presents his comforting idea with a hint of apology — referring to it as a 'modest creed' suggests he isn't asserting any grand religious certainty. Instead, he's sharing a personal philosophy rather than a strict doctrine. The term 'pleasant' carries a subtle radicalism: he's arguing that this belief is valuable because it *feels* right and comforting, not because it can be definitively proven.
That garden sweet, that lady fair, / And all sweet shapes and odours there,
Editor's note
The garden and the Lady are seen as symbols of beauty that *appear* to have faded away. Shelley describes them with care — 'sweet shapes and odours' — to evoke what has been lost, only to suggest that it hasn’t truly disappeared. This sensory detail (smell, sight) connects an abstract argument to real feelings.
For love, and beauty, and delight, / There is no death nor change: their might
Editor's note
This is the main point of the poem, expressed clearly and confidently. Love, beauty, and delight are immune to death or change—they exist beyond the physical world. The word 'might' has a dual meaning: it signifies power or force and flows into the next line to finish the idea. These qualities go beyond what we can perceive, not the other way around.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The Sensitive Plant
- Throughout the larger poem, the sensitive plant (a real plant that folds its leaves when touched) symbolizes the human soul — fragile, reactive, and open to external influences. In the Conclusion, it signifies any living entity that appears to fade away and vanish.
- The Lady
- The lady who tended the garden earlier in the poem represents pure, selfless love and beauty. Her death marks the poem's most significant loss, and in the conclusion, she transforms into a symbol of all the beautiful things that seem to fade away.
- Stars and light
- The image of love scattered "as stars do light" evokes a sense of natural, effortless radiance. Stars also symbolize endurance—they shine even when we can't see them, hinting at the poem's concluding idea that beauty endures beyond our ability to perceive it.
- Shadows of the dream
- Shelley describes humans as 'the shadows of the dream,' taking inspiration from Platonic philosophy. We aren't the true entities — we're faint echoes of a more profound reality. This perspective turns the typical assumption on its head: it's not the beautiful things that are illusions; it's *us*.
- The garden
- The garden represents a beautiful space and symbolizes an ideal world—one that is organized, fragrant, and filled with love. The poem laments its visible decay, but the Conclusion argues that the garden's essence has never truly died.
- Obscure organs
- Our senses and minds are often called 'obscure'—dimmed or restricted. This symbolizes the core of human limitation: we confuse our own poor perception with the loss of beauty, when in truth, it is our own vision that is fading.
§06Form & structure
Form & structure
- Meter
- iambic tetrameter
- Rhyme
- AABB CCDD EEFF GGHH IIJJ KKLL
§07Historical context
Historical context
§08FAQ
Questions readers ask
What is this poem actually about — is it about death or about hope?
Both, really. Shelley begins with a sense of loss — a once-beautiful garden is now decayed, and a cherished Lady has passed away — and gradually moves toward a hopeful conclusion. The central idea is that death is a 'mockery' because love and beauty never truly die; it's just our ability to see them that diminishes. So, it’s a poem about death that ultimately highlights the enduring nature of beauty.
What does 'we the shadows of the dream' mean?
Shelley draws from Platonic philosophy, which suggests that the physical world merely reflects a perfect, ideal reality. By referring to us as 'shadows of the dream,' he implies that humans are the insubstantial entities, while the beautiful ideas like love and delight are the true ideals. This challenges our typical thinking: we often view beautiful things as delicate and ourselves as solid, but Shelley argues that it's actually the opposite.
Is this poem religious? Does Shelley believe in an afterlife?
Shelley was well-known for his atheism—he was even expelled from Oxford for penning a pamphlet that defended it. This poem isn’t religious in the Christian tradition. The 'afterlife' he talks about is more about philosophy: love and beauty exist on a plane that goes beyond the physical, not because God upholds them, but because they are more genuine than material things. It aligns more with Plato’s ideas than with the Bible.
What is the Sensitive Plant, and why does Shelley use it?
The sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) is a real plant that folds its leaves inward when touched—it recoils from the world. Shelley uses it in the longer poem to symbolize a tender, responsive soul that loves deeply but is easily wounded. In the Conclusion, it represents any living thing that appears to wither and fade away.
What does Shelley mean by 'a modest creed'?
He's referring to his own belief system as simple and unassuming. He's not asserting the authority of religion or philosophy — rather, he's offering a gentle idea that brings him comfort, hoping it might do the same for you. The term 'modest' plays an important role: it prevents the poem from coming across as preachy and makes the comfort feel genuine instead of forced.
Why does Shelley say death is 'a mockery'?
Because if love, beauty, and delight are eternal and it’s just our perception that falters, then death is an illusion—a trick our limited senses play on us. What seems like death is really just our fading ability to see what remains. When Shelley calls it a 'mockery,' she suggests that death isn't the overwhelming, conclusive event it seems to be.
How does this Conclusion connect to the rest of *The Sensitive Plant*?
The three parts of the poem before this depict a lovely garden cared for by a devoted Lady, her death, and the garden's eventual decline into ugliness and decay. The Conclusion takes a step back from this story and poses the question: was any of that real? Shelley's response suggests that the beauty was genuine and lasting — what we perceived as decay was merely the limitations of human perception coming into play.
Is this poem a sonnet or does it have a specific form?
It's not a sonnet. The Conclusion uses rhyming couplets and follows a steady four-beat (tetrameter) rhythm — just like the form Shelley employs in The Sensitive Plant. The close, paired rhymes create a feeling of inevitability and calm that fits well with its philosophical and conclusive tone.
Citation
Cite this poem
MLA
Shelley, Percy Bysshe. "Conclusion." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/conclusion-percy-bysshe-shelley/.
APA
Shelley, P. B. (n.d.). Conclusion. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/conclusion-percy-bysshe-shelley/
Row A — Thesis
1 ptIn the "Conclusion" to 'The Sensitive Plant,' Shelley refuses religious certainty and arrives at something stranger and more unsettling: a "modest creed" that reframes death not as an endpoint but as an epistemological failure of the …
- Row B — Evidence + Commentary4 pts
- Row C — Sophistication1 pt
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