The Annotated Edition
To William Bell Scott by Walt Whitman
This is a dedicatory letter-poem by William Michael Rossetti, directed to his friend, painter, and poet William Bell Scott.
- Poet
- Walt Whitman
- Core theme
- Art
Study actions
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
DEAR SCOTT,--Among various gifts which I have received from you, tangible / and intangible...
Editor's note
Rossetti begins by warmly addressing Scott, recognizing both the physical gifts (such as the book itself) and the more abstract ones—friendship, intellectual influence, and shared taste. The term 'intangible' carries significant weight here: it suggests that Scott's greatest gift to him was a new perspective, rather than merely a physical object.
At a time when few people on this side of the Atlantic / had looked into the book...
Editor's note
Rossetti highlights Scott's foresight. In 1855, the majority of British readers either overlooked *Leaves of Grass* or mocked it. Scott, however, did not. Rossetti presents this as a testament to Scott's caliber as a thinker — a 'true poet and strong thinker' would instinctively see true power. It’s essentially a compliment to Scott wrapped in a historical comment.
Some years afterwards, getting to know our friend Swinburne, I found with / much satisfaction that he also was an ardent admirer of Whitman.
Editor's note
Rossetti enlists Algernon Charles Swinburne as a second witness to Whitman's greatness. This choice is smart: Swinburne was well-known for his meticulous focus on poetic form and technique, making his admiration for the so-called 'formless' Whitman even more significant. Rossetti leverages Swinburne's praise to counter the critics who labeled Whitman as artless.
Those who find the American poet 'utterly formless,' 'intolerably rough and floundering,'...
Editor's note
Here, Rossetti directly cites the insults British critics directed at Whitman and then cleverly counters them. If Swinburne — the era's most form-focused poet and writer of *Atalanta in Calydon* — appreciates Whitman's work, perhaps the issue lies with the critics' inability to hear, rather than with Whitman's poetry itself. It’s a respectful yet sharp critique.
May we hope that now, twelve years after the first appearance of *Leaves of Grass*, the English reading public may be prepared...
Editor's note
Rossetti ends on a hopeful note, suggesting that the British public might finally be ready to embrace Whitman. He presents his editorial work as an experiment, maintaining an honest tone instead of sounding boastful. The concluding lines bring everything full circle: mentioning Scott in the dedication pays tribute to him as an early supporter and close friend, blending the personal with the literary seamlessly.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The quarto edition of Leaves of Grass
- The physical book Scott gave Rossetti is much more than just paper and ink. It symbolizes the sharing of a fresh literary vision across the Atlantic and reflects the trust between two friends who view the world in a similar way.
- The Atlantic Ocean
- The phrase 'this side of the Atlantic' subtly highlights the cultural gap between America and Britain. Whitman's work needed to navigate not only the ocean but also significant differences in literary preferences and expectations to connect with British readers.
- Swinburne's name
- Swinburne acts as a literary stamp of approval. He was recognized for his strict formal standards, and his admiration for Whitman represents the belief that genuine artistic intelligence goes beyond rigid ideas of what poetry should be.
§06Form & structure
Form & structure
- Meter
- free verse
§07Historical context
Historical context
§08FAQ
Questions readers ask
Who actually wrote this poem — Walt Whitman or someone else?
Despite being attributed to Whitman in some collections, this piece was actually written by William Michael Rossetti, not Walt Whitman. It is the dedicatory letter Rossetti wrote to his friend William Bell Scott for Scott's 1868 British anthology of Whitman's poems. It has occasionally been listed under Whitman's name since it appears at the beginning of a collection of his works, but the authorship belongs to Rossetti.
Who is William Bell Scott?
William Bell Scott (1811–1890) was a Scottish painter, poet, and art teacher who was closely connected with the Pre-Raphaelite circle. He maintained a long friendship with William Michael Rossetti and his brother Dante Gabriel. Rossetti acknowledges Scott as one of the first in England to appreciate Whitman's significance.
Why does Rossetti bring up Swinburne?
Swinburne was known for his complex, finely crafted poetry and his high critical standards. By highlighting that even Swinburne — a poet you might think would dislike Whitman's free, expansive style — genuinely admired him, Rossetti makes a strong rhetorical point: if the most form-focused poet in England appreciates Whitman, then perhaps the critics labeling Whitman as 'formless' are missing the mark.
What is Atalanta in Calydon?
Atalanta in Calydon (1865) is Swinburne's acclaimed verse drama that draws on the traditions of Greek tragedy. It established his reputation almost instantly and received widespread acclaim for its lyrical and skillfully crafted verse. By mentioning the title, Rossetti emphasizes the lofty artistic standards Swinburne set, making his praise of Whitman even more noteworthy.
What does Rossetti mean by 'this side of the Atlantic'?
He means Britain. While the phrase serves as a casual geographical reference, it also subtly recognizes that Whitman was primarily an American figure who hadn't yet made a significant impact on British readers. Rossetti aimed to bridge that gap with the anthology.
Is this actually a poem, or is it a letter?
It's a prose dedication — essentially a letter — yet it has been regarded as a literary text and featured in some poetry collections due to its context and thoughtful prose style. It doesn’t employ verse, meter, or rhyme. Consider it a piece of literary prose that just happens to appear at the beginning of a poetry book.
What were the main criticisms of Whitman that Rossetti is responding to?
British critics in the 1850s and 1860s took aim at Whitman for various reasons: they deemed his free verse 'formless' and 'rough,' found his subject matter vulgar or obscene, and perceived his self-promotional tone as un-English arrogance. Rossetti directly quotes some of these criticisms — 'utterly formless,' 'intolerably rough and floundering,' 'destitute of the A B C of art' — to illustrate how misguided he believes they are.
What happened to Rossetti's Whitman anthology — was it successful?
The 1868 anthology had a real impact. It brought Whitman to the attention of a broad British audience and contributed to the serious critical reputation he enjoys today. It also initiated a lasting friendship between Rossetti and Whitman, mainly through their correspondence. Today, the book is regarded as a significant milestone in how American poetry was received across the Atlantic.
Citation
Cite this poem
MLA
Whitman, Walt. "To William Bell Scott." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/to-william-bell-scott-walt-whitman/.
APA
Whitman, W. (n.d.). To william bell scott. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/to-william-bell-scott-walt-whitman/
Row A — Thesis
1 ptIn his dedicatory letter to William Bell Scott, Walt Whitman's friend and fellow advocate William Michael Rossetti constructs literary appreciation itself as an act of moral courage, arguing through a tone of intimate yet measured …
- Row B — Evidence + Commentary4 pts
- Row C — Sophistication1 pt
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