The Annotated Edition
HYMN OF PAN. by Percy Bysshe Shelley
Pan, the god of wild nature, brags to Apollo and the Sileni about how his pipe music can make every creature and deity stop in their tracks to listen.
- Themes
- art, love, nature
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
From the forests and highlands / We come, we come;
Editor's note
Pan opens with a triumphant procession, his woodland companions joining him from the wild places. The repeated phrase "we come" feels like a chant or a ceremonial entrance. Nature itself, from the whispering wind in the reeds to the lizards darting through the grass, falls completely silent to listen to his music. Even Tmolus, the mountain-god who once judged a music contest between Pan and Apollo, is hushed. Shelley creates a quick, vivid list of creatures to demonstrate the extent of Pan's influence over the natural world.
Liquid Peneus was flowing, / And all dark Tempe lay
Editor's note
The scene moves to the Vale of Tempe in Greece, renowned in myth for its stunning beauty. The river Peneus runs through it, with the valley lying beneath the shadow of Mount Pelion as daylight fades. All the woodland spirits—Sileni, Sylvans, Fauns, Nymphs—are lured to the riverbanks and caves by the sound of Pan's music. The stanza wraps up with a sharp twist: even Apollo, the god of music and poetry, remains quiet—not out of love, but out of *envy*. Shelley introduces this competitive tension as a foundation for the poem's deeper themes.
I sang of the dancing stars, / I sang of the daedal Earth,
Editor's note
Pan lists the grand themes of his songs — the cosmos, the Earth in all its intricate variety (with "daedal" meaning cleverly crafted, like Daedalus's work), Heaven, the wars of the Titans, Love, Death, and Birth. It’s an all-encompassing catalogue. Then the mood shifts. He recounts how he once pursued the nymph Syrinx, who turned into a reed to escape him — which he then cut to make his pipe. The instrument he plays is literally born from his loss. The line "Gods and men, we are all deluded thus" hits hard: we reach for what we love, it slips away, and that pain transforms into art. The crowd is moved to tears. Pan implies that even Apollo and the Sileni would feel the same, if they weren't too cold or too old to experience it.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The pipe / reed
- Pan's pipe is crafted from the body of Syrinx, the nymph he loved and lost. It symbolizes the notion that profound art often emerges from loss and longing—the source of beauty is also a source of sorrow. When Pan says, "It breaks in our bosom and then we bleed," the reed and the wound reflect the same experience.
- Silence of nature
- Every creature that goes still to listen isn’t merely complimenting Pan's skill. It shows that music taps into something deeper than thought — it quiets the everyday noise of the world. The silence from the animals and gods reflects a reverence that no argument or force could create.
- Apollo's envy
- Apollo is the god of poetry and music, which makes his envy of Pan an interesting statement. It implies that art rooted in raw emotion and nature can surpass the refined, divine creations. Shelley, who had mixed feelings about the classical poetic tradition, is emphasizing where true creative power originates.
- The vale of Maenalus
- Maenalus is a mountain in Arcadia, the land of Pan. The chase through its valley gives rise to the legend of the pipe. As a symbol, it captures the moment when desire becomes art — a pursuit that can never truly be finished, only changed.
- Frozen blood
- Pan's final comment — that envy or age has "frozen" the blood of Apollo and the Sileni — connects emotional coldness with artistic lifelessness. To truly feel the sorrow in the music, one must still be able to feel. This serves as a critique of those who can no longer experience grief.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
Read next