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HYMEN by H. D.

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H.D.'s "Hymen" is a ceremonial poem-sequence that enacts a Greek-style wedding ritual, featuring processions of children, maidens, matrons, and Love himself.

Poet
H. D.
Era
Modernist (1921)
Themes
beauty, identity, love
The PoemFull text

HYMEN

H. D., 1921

From the closed garden Where our feet pace Back and forth each day, This gladiolus white, This red, this purple spray-- Gladiolus tall with dignity As yours, lady--we lay Before your feet and pray: Of all the blessings-- Youth, joy, ecstasy-- May one gift last (As the tall gladiolus may Outlast the wind-flower, Winter-rose or rose), One gift above, Encompassing all those; For her, for him, For all within these palace walls, Beyond the feast, Beyond the cry of Hymen and the torch, Beyond the night and music Echoing through the porch till day. _The music, with its deep chanting notes, dies away. The curtain hangs motionless in rich, full folds. Then from this background of darkness, dignity and solemn repose, a flute gradually detaches itself, becomes clearer and clearer, pipes alone one shrill, simple little melody._ _From the distance, four children's voices blend with the flute, and four very little girls pass singly before the curtain, small maids or attendants of the sixteen matrons. Their hair is short and curls at the back of their heads like the hair of the chryselephantine Hermes. They sing:_ Where the first crocus buds unfold We found these petals near the cold Swift river-bed. Beneath the rocks where ivy-frond Puts forth new leaves to gleam beyond Those lately dead: The very smallest two or three Of gold (gold pale as ivory) We gathered. _When the little girls have passed before the curtain, a wood-wind weaves a richer note into the flute melody; then the two blend into one song. But as the wood-wind grows in mellowness and richness, the flute gradually dies away into a secondary theme and the wood-wind alone evolves the melody of a new song._ _Two by two--like two sets of medallions with twin profiles distinct, one head slightly higher, bent forward a little--the four figures of four slight, rather fragile taller children, are outlined with sharp white contour against the curtain._ _The hair is smooth against the heads, falling to the shoulders but slightly waved against the nape of the neck. They are looking down, each at a spray of winter-rose. The tunics fall to the knees in sharp marble folds. They sing:_ Never more will the wind Cherish you again, Never more will the rain. Never more Shall we find you bright In the snow and wind. The snow is melted, The snow is gone, And you are flown: Like a bird out of our hand, Like a light out of our heart, You are gone. _As the wistful notes of the wood-wind gradually die away, there comes a sudden, shrill, swift piping._ _Free and wild, like the wood-maidens of Artemis, is this last group of four--very straight with heads tossed back. They sing in rich, free, swift notes. They move swiftly before the curtain in contrast to the slow, important pace of the first two groups. Their hair is loose and rayed out like that of the sun-god. They are boyish in shape and gesture. They carry hyacinths in baskets, strapped like quivers to their backs. They reach to draw the flower sprays from the baskets, as the Huntress her arrows._ _As they dart swiftly to and fro before the curtain, they are youth, they are spring--they are the Chelidonia, their song is the swallow-song of joy:_ Between the hollows Of the little hills The spring spills blue-- Turquoise, sapphire, lapis-lazuli On a brown cloth outspread. Ah see, How carefully we lay them now, Each hyacinth spray, Across the marble floor-- A pattern your bent eyes May trace and follow To the shut bridal door. Lady, our love, our dear, Our bride most fair, They grew among the hollows Of the hills; As if the sea had spilled its blue, As if the sea had risen From its bed, And sinking to the level of the shore, Left hyacinths on the floor. _There is a pause. Flute, pipe and wood-wind blend in a full, rich movement. There is no definite melody but full, powerful rhythm like soft but steady wind above forest trees. Into this, like rain, gradually creeps the note of strings._ _As the strings grow stronger and finally dominate the whole, the bride-chorus passes before the curtain. There may be any number in this chorus. The figures--tall young women, clothed in long white tunics--follow one another closely, yet are all distinct like a procession of a temple frieze._ _The bride in the center is not at first distinguishable from her maidens; but as they begin their song, the maidens draw apart into two groups, leaving the veiled symbolic figure standing alone in the center._ _The two groups range themselves to right and left like officiating priestesses. The veiled figure stands with her back against the curtain, the others being in profile. Her head is swathed in folds of diaphanous white, through which the features are visible, like the veiled Tanagra._ _When the song is finished, the group to the bride's left turns about; also the bride, so that all face in one direction. In processional form they pass out, the figure of the bride again merging, not distinguishable from the maidens._ _Strophe_ But of her Who can say if she is fair? Bound with fillet, Bound with myrtle Underneath her flowing veil, Only the soft length (Beneath her dress) Of saffron shoe is bright As a great lily-heart In its white loveliness. _Antistrophe_ But of her We can say that she is fair. We bleached the fillet, Brought the myrtle; To us the task was set Of knotting the fine threads of silk: We fastened the veil, And over the white foot Drew on the painted shoe Steeped in Illyrian crocus. _Strophe_ But of her, Who can say if she is fair? For her head is covered over With her mantle White on white, Snow on whiter amaranth, Snow on hoar-frost, Snow on snow, Snow on whitest buds of myrrh. _Antistrophe_ But of her, We can say that she is fair; For we know underneath All the wanness, All the heat (In her blanched face) Of desire Is caught in her eyes as fire In the dark center leaf Of the white Syrian iris. _The rather hard, hieratic precision of the music--its stately pause and beat--is broken now into irregular lilt and rhythm of strings._ _Four tall young women, very young matrons, enter in a group. They stand clear and fair, but this little group entirely lacks the austere precision of the procession of maidens just preceding them. They pause in the center of the stage; turn, one three-quarter, two in profile and the fourth full face; they stand, turned as if confiding in each other like a Tanagra group._ _They sing lightly, their flower trays under their arms._ Along the yellow sand Above the rocks The laurel-bushes stand. Against the shimmering heat Each separate leaf Is bright and cold, And through the bronze Of shining bark and wood Run the fine threads of gold. Here in our wicker-trays, We bring the first faint blossoming Of fragrant bays: Lady, their blushes shine As faint in hue As when through petals Of a laurel-rose The sun shines through, And throws a purple shadow On a marble vase. (Ah, love, So her fair breasts will shine With the faint shadow above.) _The harp chords become again more regular in simple definite rhythm. The music is not so intense as the bride-chorus; and quieter, more sedate, than the notes preceding the entrance of the last group._ _Five or six slightly older serene young women enter in processional form; each holding before her, with precise bending of arms, coverlets and linen, carefully folded, as if for the bride couch. The garments are purple, scarlet and deep blue, with edge of gold._ _They sing to blending of wood-wind and harp._ From citron-bower be her bed, Cut from branch of tree a-flower, Fashioned for her maidenhead. From Lydian apples, sweet of hue, Cut the width of board and lathe. Carve the feet from myrtle-wood. Let the palings of her bed Be quince and box-wood overlaid With the scented bark of yew. That all the wood in blossoming, May calm her heart and cool her blood For losing of her maidenhood. _The wood-winds become more rich and resonant. A tall youth crosses the stage as if seeking the bride door. The music becomes very rich, full of color._ _The figure itself is a flame, an exaggerated symbol; the hair a flame; the wings, deep red or purple, stand out against the curtains in a contrasting or almost clashing shade of purple. The tunic, again a rich purple or crimson, falls almost to the knees. The knees are bare; the sandals elaborately strapped over and over. The curtain seems a rich purple cloud, the figure, still brighter, like a flamboyant bird, half emerged in the sunset._ _Love pauses just outside the bride's door with his gift, a tuft of black-purple cyclamen. He sings to the accompaniment of wood-winds, in a rich, resonant voice:_ The crimson cover of her bed Is not so rich, nor so deeply bled The purple-fish that dyed it red, As when in a hot sheltered glen There flowered these stalks of cyclamen: (Purple with honey-points Of horns for petals; Sweet and dark and crisp, As fragrant as her maiden kiss.) There with his honey-seeking lips The bee clings close and warmly sips, And seeks with honey-thighs to sway And drink the very flower away. (Ah, stern the petals drawing back; Ah rare, ah virginal her breath!) Crimson, with honey-seeking lips, The sun lies hot across his back, The gold is decked across his wings. Quivering he sways and quivering clings (Ah, rare her shoulders drawing back!) One moment, then the plunderer slips Between the purple flower-lips. _Love passes out with a crash of cymbals. There is a momentary pause and the music falls into its calm, wave-like rhythm._ _A band of boys passes before the curtain. They pass from side to side, crossing and re-crossing; but their figures never confuse one another, the outlines are never blurred. They stand out against the curtain with symbolic gesture, stooping as if to gather up the wreaths, or swaying with long stiff branch as if to sweep the fallen petals from the floor._ _There is no marked melody from the instruments, but the boys' voices, humming lightly as they enter, gradually evolve a little dance song. There are no words but the lilt up and down of the boys' tenor voices._ _Then, as if they had finished the task of gathering up the wreaths and sweeping the petals, they stand in groups of two before the pillars where the torches have been placed. They lift the torches from the brackets. They hold them aloft between them, one torch to each two boys. Their figures are cut against the curtain like the simple, triangular design on the base of a vase or frieze--the boys' heads on a level, the torches above them._ _They sing in clear, half-subdued voices._ Where love is king, Ah, there is little need To dance and sing, With bridal-torch to flare Amber and scatter light Across the purple air, To sing and dance To flute-note and to reed. Where love is come (Ah, love is come indeed!) Our limbs are numb Before his fiery need; With all their glad Rapture of speech unsaid, Before his fiery lips Our lips are mute and dumb. Ah, sound of reed, Ah, flute and trumpet wail, Ah, joy decreed-- The fringes of her veil Are seared and white; Across the flare of light, Blinded the torches fail. (Ah, love is come indeed!) _At the end of the song, the torches flicker out and the figures are no longer distinguishable in the darkness. They pass out like shadows. The purple curtain hangs black and heavy._ _The music dies away and is finally cut short with a few deep, muted chords._

Public domain

Sourced from Project Gutenberg

§01Quick summary

What this poem is about

H.D.'s "Hymen" is a ceremonial poem-sequence that enacts a Greek-style wedding ritual, featuring processions of children, maidens, matrons, and Love himself. Each group carries flowers, sings songs, and presents gifts to honor a bride whose face remains concealed by veils and white fabric. The poem concludes in darkness and silence as the torches extinguish, signaling the start of the wedding night.

§02Themes

Recurring themes

§03Line by line

Stanza by stanza, with notes

  1. From the closed garden / Where our feet pace

    Editor's note

    The opening chorus offers gladioli from a walled garden. These flowers are selected for their height and grace, reflecting the bride's own presence. The subsequent prayer seeks a single enduring gift — love — that will surpass temporary pleasures like youth and ecstasy, much like the gladiolus outlives delicate blossoms.

  2. Where the first crocus buds unfold / We found these petals near the cold

    Editor's note

    Four small girls—the youngest attendants—sing about picking the first spring flowers from a chilly riverbed. Their song is straightforward and innocent, perfectly in tune with the flute melody that accompanies it. The picture of new growth breaking through dead leaves highlights the poem's main theme of endings and new beginnings.

  3. Never more will the wind / Cherish you again

    Editor's note

    Four slightly older girls sing a mournful song about the winter-roses they carry. This song serves as a goodbye—not just to the flower, but also to the bride's childhood. The repeated phrase 'Never more' and the imagery of something lost 'like a bird out of our hand' infuse this moment with a real sense of sorrow, even amidst the festivities.

  4. Between the hollows / Of the little hills

    Editor's note

    The most vibrant group — spirited, playful girls holding hyacinths like quivers — sings the swallow-song of spring. Their blue flowers cascade across the marble floor like a sea washing ashore. The trail of hyacinths they create leads straight to 'the shut bridal door,' making the shift from public ceremony to private consummation both visible and tangible.

  5. But of her / Who can say if she is fair?

    Editor's note

    The bride-chorus takes turns with strophe and antistrophe — one group inquires about the bride's beauty, while the other responds affirmatively, claiming they dressed her themselves. The bride remains veiled and silent at the center. H.D. obscures her face entirely, transforming her into a symbol rather than an individual — desire and mystery expressed through layers of white fabric and saffron shoes.

  6. Along the yellow sand / Above the rocks

    Editor's note

    Four young matrons gather, bringing laurel blossoms as they sing about the bride's beauty, comparing it to light filtering through petals and shadows on marble. The line — 'Ah, love, / So her fair breasts will shine' — stands out as the poem's most sensual moment just before Love himself arrives, spoken by women who have already crossed the threshold that the bride is about to enter.

  7. From citron-bower be her bed, / Cut from branch of tree a-flower

    Editor's note

    Older matrons carry the bridal linens and sing instructions for constructing the marriage bed from fragrant woods — citron, myrtle, quince, yew. Each wood selected is in bloom or has a lovely scent. The last couplet is straightforward: all this sweetness is intended to soothe the bride's heart and temper her emotions for the loss of her virginity.

  8. The crimson cover of her bed / Is not so rich, nor so deeply bled

    Editor's note

    Love — a tall, flame-like figure in deep purple and crimson — pauses at the bride's door and sings about cyclamen. The flower serves as a metaphor for the sexual encounter: the bee pushing into the petals, the flower retreating, and then the 'plunderer' slipping through. H.D. grounds the language in the natural world, but the meaning is clear. The crash of cymbals as Love exits signifies the consummation.

  9. Where love is king, / Ah, there is little need

    Editor's note

    A group of boys gathers the fallen petals and raises their torches high during the final chorus. Their song reveals that all the music, dancing, and ceremony lose their significance in the face of love — words fall short, and lips become silent. The torches extinguish one by one, the curtain darkens, and the music stops. The silence serves as the poem's concluding message.

§04Tone & mood

How this poem feels

Ceremonial and sensory throughout, yet not cold. H.D. writes as if a temple frieze could move — with formal processions, precise imagery, and ritual repetition — but beneath the marble surface lies real warmth and genuine desire. The tone shifts with each group: there’s childlike wonder in the girls' songs, heartfelt grief in the winter-rose lament, candid eroticism in Love's cyclamen song, and a sense of hushed awe in the boys' final chorus. The overall effect is a solemn celebration, tinged with the awareness that one thing is ending as another begins.

§05Symbols & metaphors

Symbols & metaphors

The veil
The bride's layers of white fabric obscure her face from both the reader and the audience. She isn't portrayed as an individual; instead, she represents all brides, symbolizing the transition from girlhood to womanhood and embodying the mystery at the heart of the ceremony.
Flowers (gladiolus, hyacinth, cyclamen, laurel)
Each flower group evokes distinct emotions: gladioli represent dignity and enduring love; hyacinths symbolize spring and joy; cyclamen in Love's song serve as a clear metaphor for sexual encounters; laurel conveys honor and a hint of desire. Together, they capture the complete emotional spectrum of the wedding day.
The torches
Bridal torches were a common sight in Greek wedding processions. In this scene, boys hold them high as they sing about how love makes music and dance seem unimportant. When the torches go out at the end of the poem, it signifies the shift from the public ceremony to the private night — the ceremony has concluded, and the marriage begins.
The shut bridal door
The closed door, referenced twice—first as the end point of the hyacinth path and then hinted at when Love stops just outside—serves as the dividing line between the poem's world and the unseeable. Everything in the ceremony directs attention toward it, yet none go through.
The bee and the cyclamen
In Love's song, a bee pushing into a cyclamen flower symbolizes the sexual act. H.D. draws on the natural world to express what societal norms would typically keep her from saying directly, and the image conveys both tenderness and strength.
The procession itself
The groups in sequence — children, older girls, young matrons, older matrons, Love, boys — create a life-cycle procession. They transition from innocence to experience, culminating in the extinguishing of the torches. The poem depicts not just a single wedding but the entire journey of a woman into adulthood.

§06Historical context

Historical context

H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) published *Hymen* in 1921, right in the middle of the Imagist movement that she co-founded with Ezra Pound and Richard Aldington. Imagism valued clear, concrete images over vague ideas, and *Hymen* — the poem that gives the collection its name — reveals H.D. pushing this style toward something more theatrical and ritualistic. The poem draws heavily from ancient Greek wedding poetry, particularly Sappho's epithalamia (wedding songs), as well as the visual language found in Greek vase paintings and temple friezes. H.D. was deeply fascinated by classical Greece as a space where female desire and artistry could be expressed freely. The poem emerged during a chaotic time in her life — her marriage to Aldington was falling apart, and she had recently faced a stillbirth and the loss of her brother in World War I. The intricate, controlled beauty of the ceremony in *Hymen* stands in stark contrast to her personal backdrop of grief.

§07FAQ

Questions readers ask

In ancient Greek, *Hymen* (or Hymenaeus) was the god of weddings, called upon during processions with a ritual cry. Thus, the title refers not only to the god overseeing the poem but also to the ceremony itself. H.D. likely recognized that the word has an anatomical meaning in English as well, and the poem's candid focus on the bride's virginity and its loss makes this second meaning hard to overlook.

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