The Annotated Edition
Epitaph by Percy Bysshe Shelley
This short poem serves as an inscription for two close friends who passed away and were buried side by side.
- Core theme
- Death
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
These are two friends whose lives were undivided;
Editor's note
The poem begins with a clear statement: these two people lived as one. The term "undivided" establishes the poem's main idea — what was united in life should remain united in death. This word also subtly resonates with the language of marriage vows, lending the friendship a nearly sacred significance.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- Bones
- The bones represent a person's entire physical legacy — what is left behind after death. Requesting that the bones not be separated is a way of honoring the friendship in the most literal and lasting manner possible.
- Single heart
- "Single-hearted" brings two people together as one emotional entity. It conveys not only affection but also a total alignment of feelings, purpose, and loyalty — the two friends operated as a unified moral force.
- Gliding under the grave
- The verb "glided" transforms death into a smooth, almost graceful transition instead of a violent end. It implies that the friends left this world together quietly, enhancing the poem's mood of peaceful acceptance.
§06Form & structure
Form & structure
- Meter
- iambic hexameter
- Rhyme
- AABB
§07Historical context
Historical context
§08FAQ
Questions readers ask
Who are the two friends Shelley is writing about?
Shelley never named them, and scholars still haven't found a clear answer. The poem might have been meant for certain individuals in his circle, or it could serve as a broader epitaph — a template for any two close friends. Its strength lies in that ambiguity.
What does 'single-hearted' mean?
It means the two friends were so in sync with their feelings and loyalty that they essentially shared one heart. This expresses that their bond transcended typical affection and became something complete and unified.
Why does Shelley use the word 'glided' for death?
"Glided" gives death a smooth and effortless quality, steering away from any violent or frightening connotations. This choice aligns with the poem's calm and accepting tone, implying that the two friends transitioned out of life together without any struggle.
What is an epitaph, and how does this poem fit the form?
An epitaph is a message carved on a gravestone or created to honor someone who has passed away. This poem captures that essence well: it’s brief, identifies the deceased (even if just as "two friends"), and expresses a wish for how they should be remembered and laid to rest.
Is this poem about romantic love or friendship?
The poem speaks in the language of friendship, yet the phrase "single-hearted" and the strong desire for the two to remain together add an emotional depth that complicates things. Shelley keeps it vague, allowing readers to interpret it in their own ways.
What is the rhyme scheme and why does it matter?
The poem follows a straightforward AABB rhyme scheme, featuring two rhyming couplets. This neatness reflects the poem's message: just as the rhymes fit together perfectly, the two friends should stay connected. The structure and the meaning complement each other.
Why was this poem published after Shelley's death?
Shelley drowned in 1822 at the age of 29, leaving behind many unpublished works. To honor his literary legacy, Mary Shelley gathered and published these poems in 1824. This epitaph was one of the shorter pieces she included in that collection.
What makes this poem different from Shelley's longer, more famous works?
Most of Shelley's well-known poems — Ode to the West Wind, Ozymandias, Adonais — are grand, thought-provoking, and rich in vivid imagery. In contrast, this epitaph is minimalist, personal, and deeply emotional. It demonstrates that he could wield his craft with equal strength in a smaller form.
Citation
Cite this poem
MLA
Shelley, Percy Bysshe. "Epitaph." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/epitaph-percy-bysshe-shelley/.
APA
Shelley, P. B. (n.d.). Epitaph. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/epitaph-percy-bysshe-shelley/
The study desk
Teaching materials and reference tools prepared for this poem.
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