The Annotated Edition
D., was issued by John Lane, in 1898. The punctuation of the original by Percy Bysshe Shelley
A young Shelley pens a whimsical, meandering poem about the struggle of putting thoughts on paper in a coherent way.
- Themes
- art, freedom, identity
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
Here I sit with my paper, my pen and my ink, / First of this thing, and that thing, and t'other thing think;
Editor's note
The opening stanza captures the scene with a humorous touch. The speaker sits down to write and quickly encounters a familiar obstacle: thoughts flood in all at once, completely jumbled, and the more you try to catch them, the more entangled they become. The lively, bouncing rhythm—almost reminiscent of a nursery rhyme—reflects the chaos being portrayed. By line 10, the proposed solution is patience: arrange your thoughts like a line of servants before allowing them onto the page.
My wit too's so copious, it flows like a river, / But disperses its waters on black and white never;
Editor's note
Here, the speaker gets a bit self-deprecating. He insists that the wit is present — it just doesn't seem to come through on the page. The river metaphor is amusing because a river that never reaches the sea serves no purpose, and the smoke comparison that follows makes a similar point: it's brilliant and free, yet disappears before anyone can grasp it. The stanza wraps up with the dramatic act of tossing paper and pens into the fire, a gesture that any frustrated writer will relate to.
But come, try again—you never must despair, / Our Murray's or Entick's are not all so rare,
Editor's note
The tone changes from despair to practical encouragement. Murray's *English Grammar* and Entick's *Dictionary* were the go-to reference books of the time, and the speaker suggests them like a helpful tutor. The humor lies in the idea that these books will support you without any judgment — no sneering expressions, no sarcastic *'O fie! tush!'* The stanza wraps up with a playful fantasy: stick to the rules, and your writing could find its place on the same shelf as Socrates, Demosthenes, or Plato.
But stop—a mad author I mean not to turn, / Nor with thirst of applause does my heated brain burn,
Editor's note
Just as the poem appears to be striving for literary greatness, the speaker takes a step back. Fame isn't the goal here. Instead, the true aim is simple and heartfelt: clarity, a touch of humor, and the ability to write honestly to friends. This shift from lofty classical references to straightforward personal communication is the emotional core of the poem.
Hark! futurity calls! it loudly complains, / It bids me step forward and just hold the reins,
Editor's note
The speaker envisions future generations questioning why she (the voice feels female, likely representing the friend being addressed or a persona) didn't write more. The reply comes in the form of a humorous overview of the literary scene: the world is already flooded with writers—wits, prudes, flamboyant poets, Grub Street hacks, and sermon-writers. This list is satirical, playfully mocking every type of writer that emerged during the era.
And now my good friends—who come after I mean, / As I ne'er wore a cassock, or dined with a dean.
Editor's note
The speaker rules herself out of every category mentioned. She’s not a clergyman, a cobbler-mender of ancient texts, a lyric poet, or a prude. The tone is light and self-aware. By excluding herself from these established roles, she creates a modest space for herself: someone who simply wants to write in a clear and warm manner.
I've heard your complaint—my answer I've made, / And since to your calls all the tribute I've paid,
Editor's note
The poem concludes its frame story, which was originally a reply to a friend who struggled with writing. The core advice is simple: be brave, write without restraint, and then revisit your work to correct the grammar. In the last lines, a second voice emerges (or the speaker realizes her own limits), calling the poem tedious and insisting it wrap up. This creates a clever meta-joke about the challenge of knowing when to stop writing.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The river
- Wit that flows freely but never quite makes it to the page. The image reflects the struggle between having ideas and expressing them — all that energy spreading out aimlessly instead of carving a clear path.
- Smoke
- Thoughts that seem free and independent vanish before they can be captured. Smoke may look striking but leaves no trace, much like unwritten ideas.
- Murray's and Entick's
- The grammar book and the dictionary are essential tools for writing—patient, non-judgmental resources that quietly help transform raw ideas into clear prose. They feel like supportive friends who never make you feel less than capable.
- The fire
- The frustrated writer's urge to obliterate their work instead of refining it. Throwing paper and pens into the fire marks a dramatic low point before the poem shifts to a more uplifting tone.
- The shelf with Socrates and Plato
- Literary immortality is presented as a humorous fantasy. The speaker introduces the concept of lasting greatness but quickly undercuts it — that's not the real aim in this case.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
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