The Annotated Edition
Cornish Lullaby by Eugene Field
A mother sings her baby to sleep, while outside in the hills, trolls and a miner sing solely about gold.
- Poet
- Eugene Field
- Core theme
- Family
Study actions
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
Out on the mountain over the town, / All night long, all night long,
Editor's note
The trolls are out working through the night, hauling packs and singing as they go. Field paints a picture of a fairy-tale world — with misty moonlight, hill-folk, and a 'dolorous' (mournful, heavy) tune. Their entire song comes down to one word: gold. They crave it, they chase it, and that’s all there is to their lives.
Deep in the hill the yeoman delves / All night long, all night long;
Editor's note
Now we go underground. A human miner swings his pick cheerfully, and his song is about gold. The word 'merrily' appears three times, creating an upbeat tone, but it also highlights his intense focus. To him, joy and gold are one and the same — he can't envision desiring anything else.
Mother is rocking thy lowly bed / All night long, all night long,
Editor's note
The poem shifts to the nursery. The mother mirrors the trolls and the miner — toiling through the night while singing — but her song holds a vastly different meaning. She outright dismisses the gold of the hill-folk and the yeoman, replacing it with something far more profound: her burden is love. The phrase 'all night long' recurs across all three stanzas, reinforcing the stark contrast.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- Gold
- Gold represents material wealth and worldly ambition. Both the trolls and the miner pursue it obsessively, and Field uses it as a shorthand for everything that is *not* love—things that shine but lack warmth.
- The mountain / the hill
- The mountain is the world beyond the home—dark, misty, and filled with creatures who work tirelessly. It symbolizes the harsh, transactional nature of acquiring and spending, contrasting with the cozy warmth of the nursery.
- The lowly bed
- The baby's simple, humble bed stands as the emotional heart of the poem. Its plainness—described as 'lowly'—is significant; there’s no gold or grandeur, just a mother and her child. The term 'lowly' also subtly hints at a religious connection, evoking the image of the manger.
- The song / burden
- Each character in the poem has their own song, and Field intentionally uses the word 'burden' to refer to the refrain or chorus. A burden can also mean a weight you carry. The trolls and miner carry gold, while the mother carries love. It's the same word, but with a completely different meaning.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
What is the poem actually about?
On the surface, it seems like a lullaby — a mother soothing her baby to sleep. However, Field frames it as a contrast: trolls and a miner are up all night chasing gold, while a mother stays awake pouring out her love. The poem suggests that love holds greater value than any treasure.
Why is it called a 'Cornish' lullaby if it's by an American poet?
Field draws inspiration from Cornish folklore, rich with tales of underground creatures, miners, and fairy-tale hill-folk. The region's mining history and myths provide an ideal backdrop—a world fixated on searching for gold—that contrasts beautifully with the warmth of a mother's love.
What does 'dolorous' mean?
'Dolorous' refers to feelings of sorrow or mourning. Field describes the trolls' song as dolorous, even though the lyrics celebrate gold. This suggests that their relentless chase for wealth is, in fact, a reflection of a sad and empty life.
Why does Field repeat 'All night long' so many times?
It's a lullaby technique — repetition has a calming effect that lulls you to sleep. It also connects the three stanzas structurally. The trolls toil through the night, the miner toils through the night, and the mother rocks her child through the night. This repetition creates a sense of parallelism that makes the contrast hit harder.
What does 'burden' mean in the last stanza?
In poetry and music, a 'burden' refers to the refrain — the repeated line that conveys the central message of a song. Field uses this term cleverly, as 'burden' also signifies a heavy load. The trolls and miners bear the burden of gold, while the mother's burden is love. It's the same word but evokes contrasting feelings.
Who is 'dearie'?
In the songs of the trolls and the miner, the term 'dearie' carries a double meaning—it might refer to a loved one they are laboring for, or it could simply express affection for the gold itself. However, in the mother's song, 'dearie' unambiguously refers to the baby. This ambiguity highlights Field's argument: the trolls and miner have blurred the lines between their love for gold and their love for people.
Is this poem a real lullaby you can sing?
Yes, it has a strong, steady beat and a repeating refrain that makes it truly singable. Field wrote many poems that were set to music, and this one features the rocking, repetitive structure typical of lullabies.
What is the poem's message for adults reading it to children?
The poem comforts the child, reminding them that they are loved just for being who they are — not for their achievements or what they can produce. For the adult reading it, there's a soft reminder: avoid being like the trolls or the miner, who chase after gold while ignoring what truly matters right in front of them.
Citation
Cite this poem
MLA
Field, Eugene. "Cornish Lullaby." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/cornish-lullaby-eugene-field/.
APA
Field, E. (n.d.). Cornish lullaby. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/cornish-lullaby-eugene-field/
Row A — Thesis
1 ptIn 'Cornish Lullaby,' Eugene Field constructs a hierarchical contrast between the labor-driven songs of supernatural and mortal workers — both pitched in identical refrains of 'Gold, gold! ever more gold' — and the mother's lullaby, which …
- Row B — Evidence + Commentary4 pts
- Row C — Sophistication1 pt
- Common student errors
Available on any Storgy plan — model paragraphs, band callouts, and common student errors for every poem.
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