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The Annotated Edition

CHORUS OF DRYADES. by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Summary, meaning, line-by-line analysis & FAQ.

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This brief choral piece is drawn from Longfellow's dramatic poem *Prometheus, or the Legend of Kezbeh*.

Poet
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Themes
fear, freedom, identity
The PoemFull text

CHORUS OF DRYADES.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Haste and hide thee, Ere too late, In these thickets intricate; Lest Prometheus See and chide thee, Lest some hurt Or harm betide thee, Haste and hide thee! PROMETHEUS (entering.) Who was it fled from here? I saw a shape Flitting among the trees.

Public domain

Sourced from Project Gutenberg

§01Quick summary

What this poem is about

This brief choral piece is drawn from Longfellow's dramatic poem *Prometheus, or the Legend of Kezbeh*. The woodland nymphs, known as Dryads, see Prometheus coming and quickly urge one of their own to hide in the forest before he sees her. It's a brief glimpse of divine peril — even nature spirits are cautious of the Titan who challenged the gods.

§02Themes

Recurring themes

§03Line by line

Stanza by stanza, with notes

  1. Haste and hide thee, / Ere too late,

    Editor's note

    The Dryads begin with a frantic command — *hurry and hide before it’s too late*. The urgency is palpable; there’s no greeting or explanation, just a sense of alarm. The brief, clipped lines capture the frantic pace of the warning.

  2. In these thickets intricate; / Lest Prometheus

    Editor's note

    The forest serves as a shelter. The word *intricate* serves two purposes: it captures the dense, tangled undergrowth and suggests that the woods form a maze that even a Titan might struggle to navigate. Prometheus is mentioned for the first time here, and just his name is heavy enough to convey the sense of fear.

  3. See and chide thee, / Lest some hurt

    Editor's note

    The Dryads fear two things: that Prometheus will *scold* the hidden figure, and that some unknown harm will come as a result. The combination of *chide* (a gentle, almost parental reprimand) with *hurt or harm* creates a fascinating tension — is Prometheus a strict authority figure or a real threat? This ambiguity adds depth to his character.

  4. Or harm betide thee, / Haste and hide thee!

    Editor's note

    The chorus wraps up by echoing its initial command, creating a circular, almost magical vibe—similar to a spell or a refrain from a folk song. The rhyme scheme (*hide thee / chide thee / betide thee*) enhances this song-like quality, fitting for woodland spirits that connect through the rhythms of nature.

  5. PROMETHEUS (entering.) / Who was it fled from here? I saw a shape

    Editor's note

    Prometheus's entrance is marked by a stage direction and two lines of dialogue, confirming that the Dryads' warning was effective — someone escaped. His question comes off as curious rather than angry, which shifts the chorus's panic just a bit. He sees *a shape*, not a person, indicating that the forest has already succeeded in hiding them.

§04Tone & mood

How this poem feels

Urgent yet quiet, the Dryads are quickly whispering a warning. Their rhymes have a folk-song lilt that prevents the tone from veering into outright terror, but there's a real sense of unease beneath the surface. When Prometheus speaks, his tone shifts to a calm, almost puzzled inquiry, which makes the nymphs' fear seem a bit exaggerated and introduces a subtle irony.

§05Symbols & metaphors

Symbols & metaphors

The thickets
The dense forest undergrowth represents nature as a place of refuge and protection. The Dryads don’t seek shelter in a building or a deity; they rely on the wild tangle of their own home for safety.
Prometheus
The Titan embodies a form of divine or semi-divine authority—one so powerful that even nature spirits must heed it. Just his presence can send the woods into disarray. In the larger myth, he also stands for perilous knowledge and the repercussions of challenging established order.
The fleeing shape
The unnamed figure in charge embodies vulnerability when faced with power. We never discover their identity, allowing this figure to symbolize anyone who has ever needed to conceal themselves from someone more powerful.

§06Historical context

Historical context

Longfellow wrote this piece as part of his exploration of classical mythology, a topic that captivated American poets during the Romantic era as they sought to establish a literary culture that could rival Europe's. The Romantics brought new life to the Prometheus myth, with Shelley's *Prometheus Unbound* (1820) being perhaps the most notable example. Longfellow's rendition shows this influence while maintaining his signature clarity and lyrical style. Dryads, the tree-nymphs from Greek mythology, were minor deities associated with specific trees; their chorus in this work draws from the tradition of Greek drama, where a chorus comments on and responds to the main events. The piece was published in the mid-nineteenth century, a time when Longfellow was the most popular poet in America.

§07FAQ

Questions readers ask

Dryads (or Dryades) are tree-nymphs from Greek mythology—minor nature spirits tied to specific trees. In this poem, they function as a chorus, noticing Prometheus approaching and urgently warning one of their own to hide before he gets there. They appear to be worried about his authority or the trouble his presence might cause.

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