Skip to content
Storgy

The Annotated Edition

By Xavier Marmier by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Summary, meaning, line-by-line analysis & FAQ.

Read aloud in ~2 minOpen reading mode →

A speaker reflects on a place called La Chaudeau, where he enjoyed his happiest youth, lamenting that time and travel have distanced him from it.

Poet
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Core theme
Home
The PoemFull text

By Xavier Marmier

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

At La Chaudeau,--'t is long since then: I was young,--my years twice ten; All things smiled on the happy boy, Dreams of love and songs of joy, Azure of heaven and wave below, At La Chaudeau. At La Chaudeau I come back old: My head is gray, my blood is cold; Seeking along the meadow ooze, Seeking beside the river Seymouse, The days of my spring-time of long ago At La Chaudeau. At La Chaudeau nor heart nor brain Ever grows old with grief and pain; A sweet remembrance keeps off age; A tender friendship doth still assuage The burden of sorrow that one may know At La Chaudeau. At La Chaudeau, had fate decreed To limit the wandering life I lead, Peradventure I still, forsooth, Should have preserved my fresh green youth, Under the shadows the hill-tops throw At La Chaudeau. At La Chaudeau, live on, my friends, Happy to be where God intends; And sometimes, by the evening fire, Think of him whose sole desire Is again to sit in the old chateau At La Chaudeau.

Public domain

Sourced from Project Gutenberg

Study actions

Take the quizStudy sheet (PDF)

§01Quick summary

What this poem is about

A speaker reflects on a place called La Chaudeau, where he enjoyed his happiest youth, lamenting that time and travel have distanced him from it. Now, feeling old and detached, he revisits it in memory, longing for the days he never should have left. The poem concludes with a tender farewell to the friends still residing there, asking them to think of him by the fire.

§02Themes

Recurring themes

§03Line by line

Stanza by stanza, with notes

  1. At La Chaudeau,--'t is long since then: / I was young,--my years twice ten;

    Editor's note

    The speaker begins by transporting us straight to La Chaudeau, sharing that he was twenty when he felt most connected to it. Everything around him — the sky, the water, love, and song — felt vibrant and effortless. The repeated mention of the place name at the end of the stanza creates a refrain that will ground each stanza, much like a name you return to when you're feeling homesick.

  2. At La Chaudeau I come back old: / My head is gray, my blood is cold;

    Editor's note

    Now the speaker is back, but he’s an old man wandering through the meadows and along the river Seymouse, looking for the youth he once was. The physical details — gray hair and cold blood — create a striking contrast with the first stanza. He isn’t finding what he hoped for; he’s searching for something that has vanished from the landscape and now exists only in his memories.

  3. At La Chaudeau nor heart nor brain / Ever grows old with grief and pain;

    Editor's note

    This stanza shifts to a theme of consolation. The speaker suggests that the *idea* of La Chaudeau — the fond memories and the gentle friendships made there — serves as a sort of shield against aging and sadness. It’s not the location itself that keeps you youthful, but the love connected to it.

  4. At La Chaudeau, had fate decreed / To limit the wandering life I lead,

    Editor's note

    Here, the speaker muses on the intriguing 'what if': if he had stayed, he might still have his youthful vitality. The words *peradventure* (meaning 'perhaps') and *forsooth* lend this stanza a slightly old-fashioned, nostalgic tone, as if the speaker is playfully mocking himself — a man who opted for the vast world and now reflects on what he sacrificed in the process.

  5. At La Chaudeau, live on, my friends, / Happy to be where God intends;

    Editor's note

    The final stanza shifts focus, speaking directly to the friends who remain at La Chaudeau. The speaker offers them blessings, encourages them to stay and appreciate their surroundings, and simply asks that they remember him while gathered by the fire. The mention of the 'old chateau' in the second-to-last line adds a unique twist to the refrain, intensifying the sense of longing and making it feel more tangible before the place name wraps up the sentiment one last time.

§04Tone & mood

How this poem feels

The tone is subtly mournful—nostalgic without veering into self-pity. It carries a warmth, reminiscent of someone speaking of a place they truly cherished, coupled with a bittersweet acceptance that time and choices have made a return impossible. The refrain maintains a steady mood, preventing it from sliding into despair; each stanza concludes with the place name, evoking a sigh rather than a sob.

§05Symbols & metaphors

Symbols & metaphors

La Chaudeau (the place)
The village isn't merely a backdrop; it represents the entire notion of a lost paradise of youth. Each time the name concludes a stanza, it acts like a door that the speaker can see but can't open.
Gray hair and cold blood
These physical signs of aging reflect the price of a life spent wandering. They stand in stark contrast to the 'azure' and warmth that the speaker remembers from his youth in that same place.
The evening fire
The fire where the friends gather represents community, warmth, and belonging — all the things the wandering speaker has given up. Asking to be remembered there means wanting to be part of a life he decided to leave behind.
The river Seymouse
The river is a genuine geographical feature, but it also holds the age-old poetic significance of time—water that flows continuously as the speaker searches for something solid and lasting alongside it.
Fresh green youth
The color green represents life, growth, and the freshness of spring. When placed beneath the shadows of hilltops, it implies that being in a safe spot may have shielded that vitality from the challenges of the outside world.

§06Form & structure

Form & structure

Meter
iambic tetrameter
Rhyme
AABBBX AABBBX AABBBX AABBBX AABBBX

§07Historical context

Historical context

Longfellow published this poem as a translation, or a loose adaptation, of a French piece by Xavier Marmier (1809–1892), a writer and traveler known for his works about the Franche-Comté region in eastern France. La Chaudeau is a real hamlet in that area, with the river Seymouse flowing nearby. Throughout his career, Longfellow had a strong connection to European literature and translated works from French, Spanish, German, and Italian. This poem was included in his collections during the mid-nineteenth century, a time when he was immensely popular in America. Themes of exile, nostalgia, and the passage of time were key to Romantic poetry on both sides of the Atlantic, and Longfellow resonated with Marmier's original sentiment, reflecting his own lifelong exploration of memory and loss. The poem's simple refrain structure is influenced by French folk song traditions.

§08FAQ

Questions readers ask

Is this poem actually by Longfellow or by Xavier Marmier?

Both, in a way. Marmier wrote the original French poem about La Chaudeau, and Longfellow translated and adapted it into English. The title 'By Xavier Marmier' shows that Longfellow is acknowledging the source. You could view it as Longfellow's English take on Marmier's concept.

What is La Chaudeau?

La Chaudeau is a quaint village located in the Franche-Comté region of eastern France. The Seymouse River mentioned in the poem is indeed a real river that runs through this area. For Marmier, it held deep personal meaning — a home he cherished and eventually left behind.

What does the repeating refrain do for the poem?

The refrain 'At La Chaudeau' starts and ends each stanza, giving it a rhythm that feels like someone revisiting the same thought repeatedly. It reflects how nostalgic memories operate—you find yourself returning to them even as you attempt to move forward.

Why does the speaker say his 'blood is cold'?

It describes old age in physical terms — the warmth and energy of youth have diminished. This directly contrasts with the warmth of the 'evening fire' at the poem's end, where friends still come together. The speaker feels cold, while they remain warm.

What does the speaker mean by 'the wandering life I lead'?

He envisions a life filled with travel and movement instead of being settled in one location. He contemplates the choice—or perhaps fate—that led him away from La Chaudeau, questioning if that wandering was worth the price of his youth and sense of belonging.

Is the poem sad or hopeful?

It occupies a middle ground. There's genuine grief present—the speaker is aging, far from home, and unable to reclaim what was lost. However, the third stanza suggests that memory and friendship offer some shield against sorrow, while the final stanza extends a heartfelt blessing to the friends who remain instead of expressing despair.

What does 'peradventure' mean?

'Peradventure' is an antiquated term that translates to 'perhaps' or 'by chance.' Longfellow employs it to lend the stanza a formal, almost old-world tone that matches the wistful, speculative mood of the speaker as he envisions a life he never experienced.

Why does the last stanza address the friends directly?

Shifting from reflection to a direct address transforms the ending into a genuine farewell letter. The speaker moves away from introspection and connects with those who continue to live the life he has departed from. This change shifts the poem from personal nostalgia to a meaningful connection that bridges the gap of distance.

Citation

Cite this poem

MLA

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. "By Xavier Marmier." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/by-xavier-marmier-henry-wadsworth-longfellow/.

APA

Longfellow, H. W. (n.d.). By xavier marmier. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/by-xavier-marmier-henry-wadsworth-longfellow/

TeacherAP Lit Q1 scaffold — preview

Row A — Thesis

1 pt

In Longfellow's translation of Xavier Marmier's lyric, the speaker's obsessive return to the refrain 'At La Chaudeau' transforms a simple place-name into a meditation on what memory cannot recover: not the place itself, but the self who …

  • Row B — Evidence + Commentary4 pts
  • Row C — Sophistication1 pt
  • Common student errors
Unlock the full scaffold

Available on any Storgy plan — model paragraphs, band callouts, and common student errors for every poem.

The study desk

Teaching materials and reference tools prepared for this poem.

InteractiveSelf-test

Take the quiz on this poem

Test your reading directly on the page — instant scoring, no signup, no printing.

ReferenceMLA · APA · Chicago

Cite this poem

A properly formatted citation for your essay or bibliography, typeset by deterministic rules — no AI involved.

Adjacent texts in the archive

More by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Browse all Henry Wadsworth Longfellow poems →

Themes in this poem

Poems about HomePoems about LonelinessPoems about MemoryPoems about Time

Compared with

Compare this poem with any other →

Poetry tools

Analyze another poem →Rate your own poem →Check rhyme & meter →