BRONZE TABLETS by Amy Lowell: Summary, Meaning & Analysis
Bronze Tablets is a two-part poem by Amy Lowell that takes place in Napoleonic France.
The poem
The Fruit Shop Cross-ribboned shoes; a muslin gown, High-waisted, girdled with bright blue; A straw poke bonnet which hid the frown She pluckered her little brows into As she picked her dainty passage through The dusty street. "Ah, Mademoiselle, A dirty pathway, we need rain, My poor fruits suffer, and the shell Of this nut's too big for its kernel, lain Here in the sun it has shrunk again. The baker down at the corner says We need a battle to shake the clouds; But I am a man of peace, my ways Don't look to the killing of men in crowds. Poor fellows with guns and bayonets for shrouds! Pray, Mademoiselle, come out of the sun. Let me dust off that wicker chair. It's cool In here, for the green leaves I have run In a curtain over the door, make a pool Of shade. You see the pears on that stool-- The shadow keeps them plump and fair." Over the fruiterer's door, the leaves Held back the sun, a greenish flare Quivered and sparked the shop, the sheaves Of sunbeams, glanced from the sign on the eaves, Shot from the golden letters, broke And splintered to little scattered lights. Jeanne Tourmont entered the shop, her poke Bonnet tilted itself to rights, And her face looked out like the moon on nights Of flickering clouds. "Monsieur Popain, I Want gooseberries, an apple or two, Or excellent plums, but not if they're high; Haven't you some which a strong wind blew? I've only a couple of francs for you." Monsieur Popain shrugged and rubbed his hands. What could he do, the times were sad. A couple of francs and such demands! And asking for fruits a little bad. Wind-blown indeed! He never had Anything else than the very best. He pointed to baskets of blunted pears With the thin skin tight like a bursting vest, All yellow, and red, and brown, in smears. Monsieur Popain's voice denoted tears. He took up a pear with tender care, And pressed it with his hardened thumb. "Smell it, Mademoiselle, the perfume there Is like lavender, and sweet thoughts come Only from having a dish at home. And those grapes! They melt in the mouth like wine, Just a click of the tongue, and they burst to honey. They're only this morning off the vine, And I paid for them down in silver money. The Corporal's widow is witness, her pony Brought them in at sunrise to-day. Those oranges--Gold! They're almost red. They seem little chips just broken away From the sun itself. Or perhaps instead You'd like a pomegranate, they're rarely gay, When you split them the seeds are like crimson spray. Yes, they're high, they're high, and those Turkey figs, They all come from the South, and Nelson's ships Make it a little hard for our rigs. They must be forever giving the slips To the cursed English, and when men clips Through powder to bring them, why dainties mounts A bit in price. Those almonds now, I'll strip off that husk, when one discounts A life or two in a nigger row With the man who grew them, it does seem how They would come dear; and then the fight At sea perhaps, our boats have heels And mostly they sail along at night, But once in a way they're caught; one feels Ivory's not better nor finer--why peels From an almond kernel are worth two sous. It's hard to sell them now," he sighed. "Purses are tight, but I shall not lose. There's plenty of cheaper things to choose." He picked some currants out of a wide Earthen bowl. "They make the tongue Almost fly out to suck them, bride Currants they are, they were planted long Ago for some new Marquise, among Other great beauties, before the Chateau Was left to rot. Now the Gardener's wife, He that marched off to his death at Marengo, Sells them to me; she keeps her life From snuffing out, with her pruning knife. She's a poor old thing, but she learnt the trade When her man was young, and the young Marquis Couldn't have enough garden. The flowers he made All new! And the fruits! But 'twas said that he Was no friend to the people, and so they laid Some charge against him, a cavalcade Of citizens took him away; they meant Well, but I think there was some mistake. He just pottered round in his garden, bent On growing things; we were so awake In those days for the New Republic's sake. He's gone, and the garden is all that's left Not in ruin, but the currants and apricots, And peaches, furred and sweet, with a cleft Full of morning dew, in those green-glazed pots, Why, Mademoiselle, there is never an eft Or worm among them, and as for theft, How the old woman keeps them I cannot say, But they're finer than any grown this way." Jeanne Tourmont drew back the filigree ring Of her striped silk purse, tipped it upside down And shook it, two coins fell with a ding Of striking silver, beneath her gown One rolled, the other lay, a thing Sparked white and sharply glistening, In a drop of sunlight between two shades. She jerked the purse, took its empty ends And crumpled them toward the centre braids. The whole collapsed to a mass of blends Of colours and stripes. "Monsieur Popain, friends We have always been. In the days before The Great Revolution my aunt was kind When you needed help. You need no more; 'Tis we now who must beg at your door, And will you refuse?" The little man Bustled, denied, his heart was good, But times were hard. He went to a pan And poured upon the counter a flood Of pungent raspberries, tanged like wood. He took a melon with rough green rind And rubbed it well with his apron tip. Then he hunted over the shop to find Some walnuts cracking at the lip, And added to these a barberry slip Whose acrid, oval berries hung Like fringe and trembled. He reached a round Basket, with handles, from where it swung Against the wall, laid it on the ground And filled it, then he searched and found The francs Jeanne Tourmont had let fall. "You'll return the basket, Mademoiselle?" She smiled, "The next time that I call, Monsieur. You know that very well." 'Twas lightly said, but meant to tell. Monsieur Popain bowed, somewhat abashed. She took her basket and stepped out. The sunlight was so bright it flashed Her eyes to blindness, and the rout Of the little street was all about. Through glare and noise she stumbled, dazed. The heavy basket was a care. She heard a shout and almost grazed The panels of a chaise and pair. The postboy yelled, and an amazed Face from the carriage window gazed. She jumped back just in time, her heart Beating with fear. Through whirling light The chaise departed, but her smart Was keen and bitter. In the white Dust of the street she saw a bright Streak of colours, wet and gay, Red like blood. Crushed but fair, Her fruit stained the cobbles of the way. Monsieur Popain joined her there. "Tiens, Mademoiselle, c'est le General Bonaparte, partant pour la Guerre!" Malmaison I How the slates of the roof sparkle in the sun, over there, over there, beyond the high wall! How quietly the Seine runs in loops and windings, over there, over there, sliding through the green countryside! Like ships of the line, stately with canvas, the tall clouds pass along the sky, over the glittering roof, over the trees, over the looped and curving river. A breeze quivers through the linden-trees. Roses bloom at Malmaison. Roses! Roses! But the road is dusty. Already the Citoyenne Beauharnais wearies of her walk. Her skin is chalked and powdered with dust, she smells dust, and behind the wall are roses! Roses with smooth open petals, poised above rippling leaves... Roses ... They have told her so. The Citoyenne Beauharnais shrugs her shoulders and makes a little face. She must mend her pace if she would be back in time for dinner. Roses indeed! The guillotine more likely. The tiered clouds float over Malmaison, and the slate roof sparkles in the sun. II Gallop! Gallop! The General brooks no delay. Make way, good people, and scatter out of his path, you, and your hens, and your dogs, and your children. The General is returned from Egypt, and is come in a 'caleche' and four to visit his new property. Throw open the gates, you, Porter of Malmaison. Pull off your cap, my man, this is your master, the husband of Madame. Faster! Faster! A jerk and a jingle and they are arrived, he and she. Madame has red eyes. Fie! It is for joy at her husband's return. Learn your place, Porter. A gentleman here for two months? Fie! Fie, then! Since when have you taken to gossiping. Madame may have a brother, I suppose. That--all green, and red, and glitter, with flesh as dark as ebony--that is a slave; a bloodthirsty, stabbing, slashing heathen, come from the hot countries to cure your tongue of idle whispering. A fine afternoon it is, with tall bright clouds sailing over the trees. "Bonaparte, mon ami, the trees are golden like my star, the star I pinned to your destiny when I married you. The gypsy, you remember her prophecy! My dear friend, not here, the servants are watching; send them away, and that flashing splendour, Roustan. Superb--Imperial, but.. . My dear, your arm is trembling; I faint to feel it touching me! No, no, Bonaparte, not that--spare me that--did we not bury that last night! You hurt me, my friend, you are so hot and strong. Not long, Dear, no, thank God, not long." The looped river runs saffron, for the sun is setting. It is getting dark. Dark. Darker. In the moonlight, the slate roof shines palely milkily white. The roses have faded at Malmaison, nipped by the frost. What need for roses? Smooth, open petals--her arms. Fragrant, outcurved petals--her breasts. He rises like a sun above her, stooping to touch the petals, press them wider. Eagles. Bees. What are they to open roses! A little shivering breeze runs through the linden-trees, and the tiered clouds blow across the sky like ships of the line, stately with canvas.
Bronze Tablets is a two-part poem by Amy Lowell that takes place in Napoleonic France. In the first part, "The Fruit Shop," we meet a young woman named Jeanne Tourmont as she buys fruit from a talkative vendor. Her day takes a turn when Napoleon's carriage rolls by and crushes her basket in the street. The second part, "Malmaison," paints a picture of Napoleon's ascent to power and his tumultuous relationship with Joséphine at their well-known estate. It transitions from dusty roads and political tension to an intimate, sensual night scene.
Line-by-line
Cross-ribboned shoes; a muslin gown, / High-waisted, girdled with bright blue;
"Ah, Mademoiselle, / A dirty pathway, we need rain,
Over the fruiterer's door, the leaves / Held back the sun, a greenish flare
Jeanne Tourmont entered the shop, her poke / Bonnet tilted itself to rights,
Monsieur Popain shrugged and rubbed his hands. / What could he do, the times were sad.
He picked some currants out of a wide / Earthen bowl.
Jeanne Tourmont drew back the filigree ring / Of her striped silk purse, tipped it upside down
The sunlight was so bright it flashed / Her eyes to blindness, and the rout
How the slates of the roof sparkle in the sun, over there, over there, / beyond the high wall!
Gallop! Gallop! The General brooks no delay.
"Bonaparte, mon ami, the trees are golden like my star,
Tone & mood
The tone shifts between the two sections while remaining grounded and observational. "The Fruit Shop" feels warm and ironic — Lowell clearly appreciates Popain's theatrical salesmanship — yet this warmth is overshadowed by ongoing reminders of war, death, and poverty. The ending strikes a bitter and abrupt note. In contrast, "Malmaison" has a more sensuous and unsettled quality, transitioning from wistful longing to political comedy to erotic tension. Lowell refrains from editorializing; she allows the images to convey the emotion. The overall impact suggests that history crushes small lives without a second thought.
Symbols & metaphors
- The fruit — The fruit in Popain's shop represents everyday life — pleasure, sustenance, beauty — that persists even amidst war. Each piece of fruit tells a tale of trade routes, blockades, fallen soldiers, and displaced aristocrats. When Jeanne's basket is crushed at the end, it symbolizes the loss of that ordinary world due to the weight of history.
- Roses at Malmaison — The roses symbolize desire and beauty, always just beyond Joséphine's grasp — first, they sit behind a wall she cannot cross, and later, they are mirrored on her own body in the poem's final lines. They also hint at the looming presence of the guillotine, which appears in the same sentence as the roses in section I of "Malmaison."
- Dust — Dust appears at the start of both sections. It represents the gritty texture of everyday life under pressure — the grimy street Jeanne navigates, the chalky and powdered skin of Joséphine on the road. This stands in stark contrast to the shiny, refined surfaces of authority: the shimmering slate roof, the gilded letters, and the general's carriage.
- The carriage and four — Napoleon's carriage symbolizes the clash between monumental historical events and the intimate human experience. It makes two appearances — first as the vehicle that crushes Jeanne's fruit, and later as the ride that brings Napoleon racing to Malmaison. It embodies speed, power, and a disregard for what gets damaged along the way.
- The purse — Jeanne's striped silk purse, now empty and crumpled, perfectly captures the essence of genteel poverty. Once a fine accessory, it now contains very little. Lowell's careful attention to detail — the filigree ring, the braids, and how it collapses — turns it into a small tribute to a class brought low by revolution.
- The slate roof of Malmaison — The roof glistening in the sunlight is a consistent motif throughout the "Malmaison" section. It symbolizes the estate — and, by extension, the Napoleonic empire — as something radiant, remote, and ultimately frigid. By the conclusion, it gleams "palely milkily white" in the moonlight, lovely yet devoid of warmth.
Historical context
Amy Lowell wrote "Bronze Tablets" as part of her 1916 collection *Men, Women and Ghosts*, which features narrative poems set in different historical periods. As a prominent figure in the Imagist movement, Lowell valued clear visual imagery over abstract ideas, and you can see that influence in both poems. The Napoleonic era was a favored topic in early twentieth-century poetry and fiction, rich with drama, sensuality, and a lens through which to reflect on the clash between major historical events and personal lives. Writing during World War One, Lowell's poems reflect a deep concern for the impact of war on everyday people. "Malmaison" delves into the well-documented tumultuous marriage of Napoleon and Joséphine, touching on key moments like his return from the Egyptian campaign in 1799, her infidelity, and their passionate reconciliation. Malmaison, located just outside Paris, was Joséphine's cherished home, renowned for its beautiful rose gardens.
FAQ
Bronze tablets served in the ancient world for recording laws, treaties, and significant public records—items intended to endure. Lowell's title implies she is etching these Napoleonic scenes as lasting historical records, but the irony lies in the poem's emphasis on intimate, personal moments over official history. The "tablets" capture a fruit seller's gossip and a woman's crushed basket, not tales of a general's triumphs.
Jeanne Tourmont is a fictional character—a young woman facing hardship in Napoleonic France. Although her fine clothes and silk purse hint at a good family background, she has just two francs to spend and relies on old friendships to secure enough food. She represents the everyday person caught in the tumult of history, as envisioned by Lowell.
Jeanne steps into the street and almost gets run over by a speeding carriage, which crushes her basket of fruit against the cobblestones. Monsieur Popain recognizes the carriage as General Bonaparte's, off to war. The fruit, stained red "like blood" on the cobblestones, serves as the central image of the poem: the small, human world filled with kindness and poverty is literally shattered by the movement of this great man. He doesn't even notice.
She is Joséphine de Beauharnais, the first wife of Napoleon. Before marrying him, she was referred to as "Citoyenne," the revolutionary term that replaced "Madame" or "Comtesse." She had been imprisoned during the Terror and came close to facing the guillotine, which is why Lowell brings it up alongside the roses she is walking past.
According to popular legend, a fortune-teller in Martinique foretold that Joséphine would one day rise to be more than just a queen. Joséphine held this prophecy close and mentioned it frequently throughout her life. Lowell points this out to illustrate how Joséphine flatters Napoleon by claiming her star directed his fate, while also attempting to soothe his anger over her infidelity during his time away in Egypt.
This is Imagism in action. Lowell thought that a sharp, sensory image conveys more emotion than any straightforward statement could. By allowing you to smell the pears, feel the burst of grapes, and see the pomegranate seeds like "crimson spray," she brings the everyday world to life — making its destruction at the end of the poem resonate even more. The details also drive the story: Popain is a salesman, and his vivid descriptions are part of his craft.
Lowell doesn't present a thesis, but the poem paints a vivid picture. The Revolution executed a harmless gardening Marquis on flimsy charges, forcing his widow to sell currants to make ends meet, and wreaked havoc on trade to the point where almonds turned into luxury items. Then Napoleon shows up and, without hesitation, wrecks what little Jeanne has left. The poem expresses sympathy for ordinary people while subtly questioning grand historical narratives.
Yes and no. Lowell played a key role in the Imagist movement, and his poems are rich with vivid, concrete images typical of Imagism — like the greenish flare of light filtering through leaves and the sound of two coins falling with a "ding of striking silver." However, while Imagism usually steers clear of narrative, these poems unfold complete stories featuring named characters and dramatic conclusions. Lowell blends Imagist techniques within a more conventional narrative structure.