The Annotated Edition
A Tartar Song by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
A father — a strong Khan — begs his son to come back from the wilderness, promising gifts and freedom, but the son turns down every offer.
- Core theme
- Faith
Study actions
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
"He is gone to the desert land / I can see the shining mane"
Editor's note
A third-person narrator, or perhaps the father himself, begins by observing the son as he rides away across the plain with his Kossak band. The sight of the "shining mane" on the distant horizon establishes the son as already far away — already out of reach — even before any words are spoken.
"Come back, rebellious one! / Let thy proud heart relent"
Editor's note
The father's voice dominates the scene. He labels his son as "rebellious," indicating that this departure was a deliberate choice rather than a mistake. The term "proud" carries a dual meaning: the father uses it as a jab, yet the rest of the poem reveals that the son's pride is what truly makes him commendable.
"Thy hand in freedom shall / Cast thy hawks, when morning breaks"
Editor's note
The father's first bribe is the promise of unrestricted hunting at the Seven Lakes of Karajal. Falconry, a prestigious sport in Central Asian nomadic culture, makes this a significant and generous offer. Essentially, the father is saying, "Return home, and I'll provide you with everything a young nobleman desires."
"I will give thee leave to stray / And pasture thy hunting steeds"
Editor's note
A second offer: the meadows of Karaday for his horses. The father keeps adding incentives, which subtly shows his desperation. Each new gift admits that the previous one fell short.
"I will give thee my coat of mail, / Of softest leather made"
Editor's note
The last and most personal gift: the Khan's own coat of mail, representing his power and protection. By giving it to his son, he is almost passing on the mantle of leadership. The rhetorical question "Will not all this prevail?" wraps up Part I, reflecting the father's hope, which remains, though it's hanging by a thread.
"This hand no longer shall / Cast my hawks, when morning breaks"
Editor's note
Part II opens with the son echoing his father's words back to him, line by line, but contradicting each one. This rhetorical strategy highlights that the son has listened to every offer intently and is purposefully rejecting each one, rather than simply not understanding.
"Though thou give me thy coat of mail, / Of softest leather made"
Editor's note
The son recites the coat-of-mail stanza nearly verbatim, then states flatly, "All this cannot prevail." The repetition lends a sense of finality and calm to his refusal; he isn’t battling his father, he’s simply finished.
"What right hast thou, O Khan, / To me, who am mine own"
Editor's note
This is the philosophical core of the poem. The son views his freedom not as an act of rebellion but as a claim to ownership: he is his own and belongs to God, not to any earthly authority, including his own father. The title "O Khan" serves as a reminder to the father that his power is political, not spiritual.
"God will appoint the day / When I again shall be"
Editor's note
The son doesn't claim he'll never come back — he says God will choose the timing. This takes the decision completely out of the father's control. The description of the "blue, shallow sea" where sturgeons swim is clear and evocative, indicating that the son has a true homeland in his heart, though it's not the one his father governs.
"God, who doth care for me, / In the barren wilderness"
Editor's note
The son's faith is grounded in reality, not just for show. He doesn't call on God to appear devout — he truly believes that divine care will take the place of the physical comforts his father provided. The wilderness isn’t a punishment; it’s a place where God’s presence is most strongly experienced.
"When I wander lonely and lost / In the wind; when I watch at night"
Editor's note
The son recognizes the genuine struggles he will face: cold, hunger, and isolation. The description of watching "like a hungry wolf" and being "white and covered with hoar-frost" is vivid and truthful. He isn't glamorizing the life of wandering — he understands it will be harsh.
"Yea, wheresoever I be, / In the yellow desert sands"
Editor's note
The closing stanza expresses complete trust. The line "Allah will care for me" resonates with a calm, unwavering certainty instead of a loud proclamation. The list of harsh landscapes — desert sands, mountains, unfamiliar territories — underscores this idea: no location is beyond God's reach, making a father's tent unnecessary.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The coat of mail
- The Khan's most cherished possession serves as a symbol of his authority and protection. By offering it to his son, he is essentially extending an inheritance — and the son's rejection indicates that he wishes to distance himself from the power dynamics his father embodies.
- The hawks and falconry
- Falconry in Central Asian nomadic culture signified noble status and freedom. The father presents it as a symbol of a good life during his reign; the son’s rejection of it indicates his unwillingness to accept even enjoyable freedom if it comes with conditions.
- The desert and wilderness
- For the father, the desert feels like a perilous and desolate land where his son will endure hardship. For the son, it's a realm where he fully embraces his identity and experiences a close relationship with God. This shared landscape evokes entirely different meanings for each of them.
- The Seven Lakes of Karajal
- A specific, named location that features in both the father's promises and the son's rejections. Its repeated mention transforms it into a symbol of all that the father can provide — beauty, abundance, and a sense of belonging — as well as everything the son is opting to abandon.
- The hungry wolf
- The son's self-image in the toughest conditions: alone, vigilant, relying on instinct to survive. This isn't a picture of self-pity — wolves are hunters, not victims. It reflects the price of freedom while fully acknowledging it.
- Hoar-frost
- A physical marker of extreme cold and isolation, yet also of endurance. Covered in frost while still standing, it serves as a quiet symbol of resilience — the son will face nature's challenges and emerge stronger.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
Who is speaking in each part of the poem?
Part I features the father, a Khan (a Central Asian ruler or chieftain), imploring his son to come back home. In Part II, the son responds to each of his father's proposals with a firm refusal. The opening stanza of Part I could either be a concise third-person narrator establishing the context or the father discussing his son before speaking to him directly.
What does "Khan" mean?
Khan is a title found in Central Asian, Mongol, and Turkic cultures that refers to a ruler, chief, or lord. By referring to his father as "O Khan" instead of "Father," the son emphasizes that he sees him as a political authority whose power he opposes, rather than as a parent from whom he seeks affection.
Why does the son repeat his father's words back to him?
The mirroring is intentional. The son takes every one of his father's offers — the hawks, the meadows, the coat of mail — and echoes them nearly verbatim before declining. This demonstrates that he's paying attention and is rejecting the offers with a clear understanding of what he's letting go, rather than out of ignorance or haste.
Is the son being cruel or ungrateful?
The poem doesn't portray him that way. He never disrespects his father or belittles the gifts he received. His stance is rooted in philosophy: no one should have the right to own another person, even if it’s out of love and generosity. His refusal is based on principle, not indifference.
What role does religion play in the poem?
The son's faith in Allah is what supports his independence. He feels secure without his father's protection, trusting that God will watch over him in the wilderness. For him, religion isn't merely a source of comfort — it's the foundation of his freedom, as it provides him with an authority that surpasses any earthly Khan.
What are the "Seven Lakes of Karajal" and "meadows of Karaday"?
These place names from Central Asia add a tangible, real-world element to the poem. Longfellow incorporates them to highlight the beauty of the steppe landscape and to underscore the father's offers as truly valuable—these are not just vague promises; they refer to specific, enchanting locations.
What is the poem's structure and does it have a name?
The poem has two numbered sections, each containing five-line stanzas that follow a consistent rhyme scheme. The call-and-response format—where Part II responds to Part I stanza by stanza—reflects a style found in folk and oral poetry traditions from various cultures. Longfellow employs this technique to evoke a sense of dialogue that resembles a song or chant.
What does the poem say about freedom?
It contends that true freedom isn't something that can be handed over — it must be claimed. The father provides the son with the freedom to hunt and explore, but that freedom is still bestowed by another person, which means it can be revoked. The son's freedom originates from within, rooted in his faith and his determination not to be owned by anyone.
Citation
Cite this poem
MLA
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. "A Tartar Song." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/a-tartar-song-henry-wadsworth-longfellow/.
APA
Longfellow, H. W. (n.d.). A tartar song. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/a-tartar-song-henry-wadsworth-longfellow/
Row A — Thesis
1 ptIn 'A Tartar Song,' Longfellow structures the poem as a call-and-response between a Khan who offers gifts to reclaim his rebellious son and a son who refuses every inducement by appealing to a sovereignty higher than any earthly father. The …
- Row B — Evidence + Commentary4 pts
- Row C — Sophistication1 pt
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