In your essay, be sure to:

• Present a clear, defensible thesis that states your position on the causes of Henchard's tragedy.
• Use at least three specific scenes or moments from the novel as evidence (e.g., the sale of his wife at Weydon Priors, his rivalry with Farfrae, his treatment of Elizabeth-Jane).
• Analyze how Hardy illustrates Henchard's choices and temperament to develop the novel's central themes of pride, fate, and social ambition.
• Address and counter a counterargument — for instance, that external circumstances (economic shifts, Farfrae's entrance, Lucetta's death) are the true factors behind Henchard's downfall.
• Conclude by considering what Hardy implies about the connection between character and destiny in a rapidly modernizing Victorian society.

Length

4–6 paragraphs (or as directed by your teacher)

Format

Formal literary essay with textual evidence and analysis

Your essay should:

> "Character is Fate." — frequently attributed to Hardy's narrator in The Mayor of Casterbridge

Use this quote as a lens through which to analyze your argument.

• Present a clear and defensible thesis that takes a stance on the main cause of Henchard's decline.
• Back up your argument with specific textual evidence, including crucial scenes, character interactions, and Hardy's narrative insights.
• Consider and respond to at least one counterargument to reinforce your viewpoint.
• Reflect on how Hardy's representation of Henchard enhances the novel's overarching themes of fate vs. free will, reputation, and the damaging effects of the past.

Suggested length: 4–6 paragraphs | Timed write or take-home essay

• Introduce a clear, debatable thesis that states your position on what caused Henchard's ruin.
• Analyze at least three distinct moments in the text where Henchard's personal failings (such as pride, jealousy, impulsiveness, and inability to adapt) lead directly to harmful outcomes.
• Acknowledge and refute a counterargument that attributes his downfall to fate, social influences, or factors beyond his control.
• Conclude by reflecting on what Hardy implies about the link between character and destiny in a rapidly changing Victorian society.