• Captain Vere's reasoning and internal struggle
• The symbolism of Billy Budd as a Christ-like or Adamic figure
• The Articles of War as a tool of institutional authority
• Claggart's role as a representation of "natural depravity"

Requirements

> Suggested length: 4–6 paragraphs (approx. 800–1,200 words)

• Create a clear, debatable thesis in your introduction
• Back up your argument with a close reading of at least three passages from the novella
• Recognize and counter a counterargument (for example, that Vere acts out of fear or ambition)
• Conclude by considering what Melville implies about the cost of civilization and justice

Guiding Questions to Consider

• What does Billy Budd symbolize, and how does his "innocence" play a role in the story?
• In what ways does Claggart's malice contrast with Billy's goodness, and what does their conflict reveal about human nature?
• Is Captain Vere a tragic hero, a moral coward, or something more nuanced? Support your interpretation.
• What is Melville's ultimate perspective on justice, law, and individual conscience?

Requirements

• At least 5 paragraphs (introduction, 3 body paragraphs, conclusion)
• Include a clear and arguable thesis statement
• Use textual evidence with appropriate citations
• Address at least one counterargument