The Annotated Edition
The Goblin Market by Christina Rossetti
Two sisters, Laura and Lizzie, come across goblin merchants peddling magical fruit.
- Core theme
- Redemption
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
Morning and evening / Maids heard the goblins cry:
Editor's note
The poem begins with the goblins' captivating, repetitive cry about fruits. The extensive list of fruits — apples, quinces, lemons, pomegranates, and so forth — is intentional. Rossetti aims for the reader to experience the sensory overload that Laura will encounter. The fruits are extraordinarily diverse and all perfectly ripe at the same time, immediately indicating that this market is far from ordinary.
Evening by evening / Among the brookside rushes,
Editor's note
We see the two sisters huddled together, whispering warnings to one another. Lizzie covers her eyes and ears, while Laura steals a glance. This stanza captures their personalities in one snapshot: Lizzie is careful and obedient, while Laura is inquisitive and attracted to the forbidden. The goblin men are depicted with animal traits — cat faces, rat-like movements, wombat fur — setting them apart as beings beyond the realm of human morality.
Laura stretched her gleaming neck / Like a rush-imbedded swan,
Editor's note
A single, beautiful stanza filled with similes. Laura reaching toward the goblins is likened to a swan, a lily, a moonlit poplar, and a ship just as it breaks free from its moorings. Each image is elegant and fluid, adding to the allure: the poem makes her surrender appear beautiful while hinting that she has lost her final hold.
Backwards up the mossy glen / Turned and trooped the goblin men,
Editor's note
The goblins turn around to encircle Laura. Their actions — leering and exchanging sly glances — reveal that this is a planned attack, not just a random deal. When Laura confesses she has no money, they suggest taking a lock of her golden hair instead. She cries as she cuts it, indicating that part of her understands the price, but she eats anyway, sucking on the fruit until her lips are sore.
Lizzie met her at the gate / Full of wise upbraidings:
Editor's note
Lizzie tells the cautionary tale of Jeanie, a girl who indulged in goblin fruit, became heartbroken when the goblins disappeared, and tragically died before her wedding day. This serves as the poem's most straightforward explanation of the fruit's effects: it leads to an insatiable addiction, and the resulting withdrawal can be deadly. Laura brushes off the warning and vows to get more fruit tomorrow.
Golden head by golden head, / Like two pigeons in one nest
Editor's note
The sisters sleep curled together, and Rossetti wraps them in a gentle hush—owls keep quiet, bats stay grounded. The imagery (blossoms on a single stem, flakes of snow, ivory wands) portrays their bond as something nearly sacred. This represents the poem's calm before the storm, marking the final moment of true peace before Laura's decline starts.
Early in the morning / When the first cock crowed his warning,
Editor's note
The morning after, both sisters tackle their household chores, but the difference is clear. Lizzie approaches her tasks with an open heart, while Laura drifts through the day in a daze, yearning only for night and the goblins. The routine chores — milking, churning, sewing — highlight just how far Laura is already slipping away from reality.
At length slow evening came: / They went with pitchers to the reedy brook;
Editor's note
Laura goes back to the brook at dusk, straining to hear, but the goblin's cry eludes her. Only Lizzie can pick it up. In this moment, Laura understands she’s been severed from something important — the fruit has already taken effect. She heads home in silence, unable to sleep, grinding her teeth, and sobbing with an overwhelming grief that feels almost tangible.
Day after day, night after night, / Laura kept watch in vain
Editor's note
Laura's decline mirrors the imagery of a waning moon: she becomes thin, grey, and dim. She plants the kernel-stone she saved, wishing it would grow into a tree that would return the fruit to her, but nothing sprouts. She stops eating, working, and engaging with the world around her. Rossetti clearly connects the act of eating the goblin fruit with this hollow, addicted despair.
Tender Lizzie could not bear / To watch her sister's cankerous care
Editor's note
Lizzie makes her choice. She remembers Jeanie, who passed away before she had the chance to be a bride, and resolves that she won't let Laura face the same fate. Taking a silver penny, she heads to the goblins herself, fully aware of the danger involved. This marks the poem's shift from temptation and downfall to rescue.
Laughed every goblin / When they spied her peeping:
Editor's note
The goblins swarm Lizzie with a twisted kind of excitement. When she refuses to sit down and share a meal with them — insisting instead on buying fruit to take away — they become aggressive. They hit her, scratch her, and attempt to shove fruit into her mouth. Lizzie keeps her lips tightly sealed the whole time. Juice trickles down her face, but she doesn’t swallow any of it. Her defiance shows both her physical bravery and a deep-rooted moral resolve.
White and golden Lizzie stood, / Like a lily in a flood,—
Editor's note
A series of powerful similes — a lily in a flood, a rock battered by waves, a beacon in a raging sea, a city under siege — transforms Lizzie's quiet resilience into something heroic. Rossetti offers Lizzie the same beautiful figurative language she used for Laura's surrender, but this time the imagery focuses on steadfastness rather than release.
In a smart, ache, tingle, / Lizzie went her way;
Editor's note
The goblins, worn out by Lizzie's defiance, toss her penny back and disappear. Lizzie makes her way home, bruised yet joyful, motivated not by fear but by her love for her sister. She shouts for Laura to come and kiss her, to sip the juice from her skin — the goblin fruit that brushed against Lizzie but wasn't eaten has turned into the antidote.
Laura started from her chair, / Flung her arms up in the air,
Editor's note
When Laura kisses Lizzie and tastes the juice, it burns like wormwood—everything the original sweetness wasn’t. She convulses, shakes, and collapses. Rossetti portrays it as if a fever has broken or a possession has come to an end. This intense physical reaction signals that the cure is taking effect. By morning, Laura wakes up rejuvenated: her hair is dark once more, her breath is sweet, and she laughs like she used to.
Days, weeks, months, years / Afterwards, when both were wives
Editor's note
The poem leaps ahead in time. Both sisters have become mothers, and Laura shares the story with her children as a cautionary tale and a lesson. The final lines — 'there is no friend like a sister' — serve as the poem's clear moral, spoken in Laura's own voice. The conclusion feels cozy and domestic, but it truly earns that warmth through all that has happened earlier.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The goblin fruit
- The fruit serves as the central symbol of the poem, embodying multiple meanings simultaneously. It signifies sexual temptation and the loss of innocence, while also reflecting modern addiction — the initial taste is euphoric, but everything that follows feels like withdrawal. Additionally, it resonates with the forbidden fruit of Eden, positioning Laura within a long history of women who face punishment for their curiosity and desires.
- Laura's golden hair
- Laura pays for the fruit with a lock of her golden hair — a piece of herself. In Victorian poetry, hair often symbolizes female virtue, beauty, and identity. Cutting it represents a subtle act of self-destruction that foreshadows the greater decline she will face. When she is healed, her hair regains its original color, signaling her full restoration.
- The kernel-stone
- Laura keeps one stone from the goblin fruit, hoping to grow a tree and regain what she has lost. It never sprouts. The dead seed symbolizes that you can’t recreate a lost experience just by wanting it — you can’t bring back what’s gone by holding onto its fragments.
- Lizzie's silver penny
- Lizzie steps into the goblin market, coin in hand—a legitimate piece of currency, meant for fair trade. The goblins, however, turn it away; they're not interested in fairness, but in consumption and surrender. The penny that jingles in Lizzie's purse as she walks home produces a cheerful sound, reminding her that her integrity remains unblemished.
- The brook and the glen
- The brook separates the sisters' safe home from the goblin realm. Every perilous encounter occurs near it at twilight—a transitional time in a transitional place. In the poem, water symbolizes both tears and healing, contrasting sharply with the corrupting goblin juice.
- Sisterhood and physical touch
- The sisters' physical closeness — sleeping cheek to cheek, with Lizzie presenting her juice-covered skin to Laura's lips — serves as a counter-symbol to the goblin temptation in the poem. While the goblins present fruit that isolates and destroys, the sisters provide contact that heals. Here, love expressed through the body is celebrated rather than condemned.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
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