The Annotated Edition
O - - O - - O - - O - - O - - O - by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
This is the opening line of Longfellow's epic poem *Evangeline: A Tale of Acadie* (1847), written in dactylic hexameter — the same meter that Homer used in his works.
- Core theme
- Exile
§01Quick summary
What this poem is about
§02Themes
Recurring themes
§03Line by line
Stanza by stanza, with notes
This is the forest primeval, the murmuring pines and the hemlocks,
Editor's note
This single opening line is the only surviving excerpt we have. It acts as an invocation—a grand, slow announcement of a location. "Forest primeval" suggests something ancient and untouched by humanity. The pines and hemlocks aren’t just trees; they’re like witnesses, nearly characters, that have endured centuries of human joy and suffering. The dactylic hexameter rhythm (long-short-short, repeated) echoes the sound of waves or wind rustling through branches, drawing the reader into a trance-like, reflective state before the story even starts.
§04Tone & mood
How this poem feels
§05Symbols & metaphors
Symbols & metaphors
- The forest primeval
- The ancient, untouched forest represents a world that existed before colonization and displacement disrupted it. It is Eden before the fall — a place of original wholeness that the rest of the poem laments.
- Pines and hemlocks
- These particular evergreen trees, dark and resilient, symbolize both mourning and endurance. They continue to stand tall even after the human community they once sheltered has been destroyed and dispersed.
- Dactylic hexameter rhythm
- The meter itself symbolizes the structure of Homer's *Iliad* and *Odyssey*, intentionally connecting to the tradition of epic poetry that tells the stories of displaced peoples and their long, arduous journeys back home.
§06Historical context
Historical context
§07FAQ
Questions readers ask
Citation
Cite this poem
MLA
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. "O - - O - - O - - O - - O - - O -." Storgy, https://storgy.com/poems/o-o-o-o-o-o-henry-wadsworth-longfellow/.
APA
Longfellow, H. W. (n.d.). O - - o - - o - - o - - o - - o -. Storgy. https://storgy.com/poems/o-o-o-o-o-o-henry-wadsworth-longfellow/
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